Pollution profiles of typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during dismantling of various printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) of e-wastes using different methods were comparatively investigated in the real e-waste dismantling workshops in South China in April 2013. Similar pollution profiles and concentrations of VOCs were observed between dismantling mobile phone and hard disk...

Forced air distribution systems can have a significant impact on the energy consumed in residences. It is common practice in U.S. residential buildings to place such duct systems outside the conditioned space. This results in the loss of energy by leakage and conduction to the surroundings. In order to estimate the magnitudes of these losses, 24 houses in the Sacramento, California, area were t...

This study investigates the interactions between a steel industry that applies hydrogen direct reduction (H-DR) and electricity system of northern Europe. We apply techno-economic optimization model with aim achieving net-zero emissions from sectors in Year 2050. The minimizes investment running costs production units, while meeting demands for steel. modeling is carried out number scenarios, w...

The mathematical interpretation of an electric arc is practically very difficult by virtue of its extremely accidental character. But on the other side, the mathematical formulation course of the electric arc is possible with transfer to the area of the mathematical modeling for specific conditions. Limits of influences of the electric arc are possible to determine with using results from mathe...

Electric arc melting of oxide materials under the influence an external electromagnetic field is a high-current and high-temperature technological process, accompanied by powerful electric magnetic fields complex structural motion melt. In general case, movement melt in bath installation determined combination thermocapillary, thermal concentration, convections. this work, based on analysis con...

To investigate the microphysics mechanism and the factors that influence arc development along a polluted surface, the arc was considered as a plasma fluid. Based on the image method and the collision ionization theory, the electric field of the arc needed to maintain movement with different degrees of pollution was calculated. According to the force of the charged particle in an arc plasma str...