We set up a model of an electric charge where the noninvertible metric phase first order gravity supercedes point singularity in curved spacetime. A topological interpretation is provided terms index defined for degenerate spacetime solution, being closely related to Euler characteristic. The gravitational equations motion at this are found be equivalent laws electrostatics. associated field en...

1 Problem The interaction energy of an electric charge q and a " point " electric dipole with moment p of fixed magnitude, both at rest, is, in Gaussian units,

We report on quantitative comparison between the electric dipole energy and the Rashba band splitting in model systems of Bi and Sb triangular monolayers under a perpendicular electric field. We used both first-principles and tight binding calculations on p-orbitals with spin-orbit coupling. First-principles calculation shows Rashba band splitting in both systems. It also shows asymmetric charg...

That is, the electric potential difference is the work that must be done, per unit charge, to move from  to  with no change in kinetic energy. Remember not to confuse electric potential energy ∆ which is in joules, and electric potential difference ∆ which is in units of  =    The electric field is perpendicular to equipotentials, that is lines of constant electric poten...