These results suggest that representing electrical conduction in terms of intuitive, agent-level behaviors can enable learners as young as 5 graders to understand and explain (in a scientifically correct manner) the behavior of electric current in linear circuits, which misconceptions researchers have shown to be difficult for even college students to understand (Chi et al., 1994; Reiner et al....

The transient absorption bleaching and velocity overshoot of photoexcited carriers in GaAs and Si have been observed by the intense few-circle terahertz (THz) probe pulse in the optical pump-terahertz probe (OPTP) configuration. The free-carrier THz nonlinearity is attributed to the transient electron redistribution in conduction band induced by the strong THz electric field component.

Complex impedance and conductivity were measured for regioregular poly(3hexylthiophene) (P3HT) at alternating current (AC) voltages using a waveform technique. The waveforms were Fourier transformed from time domain to frequency domain and analyzed at fundamental and higher order harmonic frequencies. It was found that the impedance of the semi-conducting P3HT decreases with increasing electric...

We show that electric current running through a nanojunction with a biased helical molecule can induce unidirectional rotation of the molecular component. In an electric field, conduction electrons injected into the molecule are accelerated along the helical path going through its body, thereby gaining directed angular momentum. Conservation laws require that an angular momentum of the same siz...

BACKGROUND Simple conceptual ideas about cardiac resynchronization therapy assume that biventricular (BiV) pacing results in collision of right and left ventricular (LV) pacing-derived wavefronts. However, this concept is contradicted by the minor reduction in QRS duration usually observed. We investigated the electric mechanisms of cardiac resynchronization therapy by performing detailed elect...

Particle and electrode surfaces were altered to examine the effects on the electrorheological response of barium titanate/silicone oil suspensions. Unmodified suspensions exhibited nonlinear conduction. The dynamic yield stresses scaled as E, where n < 2 at all electric field frequencies, and the current had substantial harmonic content, a hallmark of nonlinear conduction. Modifying the particl...

We report low-temperature, high-field magnetotransport measurements of SrTiO(3) gated by an ionic gel electrolyte. A saturating resistance upturn and negative magnetoresistance that signal the emergence of the Kondo effect appear for higher applied gate voltages. This observation, enabled by the wide tunability of the ionic gel-applied electric field, promotes the interpretation of the electric...

Various kinds of abnormal, asynchronous electric activation of the left ventricle (LV) decrease mechanical load in early versus late activated regions of the ventricular wall. Because myocardium usually adapts its mass to changes in workload, we investigated by echocardiography whether regional differences in wall thickness are present in two kinds of asynchronous electric activation of differe...

The dielectric withstand capabilities of insulating materials is related to their surface electric field and potential distributions. These distributions, in the presence of polluting layers, are quite different from these encountered in classical electrostatics. This work is concerned with the application of boundary integral equations method to the calculation of electric fields and potential...

Tunnel effect is a possible mechanism to explain the apparent large electric conductivity and nonlinear electric behavior of graphene-reinforced nanocomposites with polymer matrix. In this work, a numerical modeling framework is proposed to evaluate the effective electric conductivity in polymer composites reinforced with graphene sheets, taking into account the electrical tunneling effect, whi...