Magnetospheric substorms explosively release solar wind energy previously stored in Earth's magnetotail, encompassing the entire magnetosphere and producing spectacular auroral displays. It has been unclear whether a substorm is triggered by a disruption of the electrical current flowing across the near-Earth magnetotail, at approximately 10 R(E) (R(E): Earth radius, or 6374 kilometers), or by ...

Discomfort experienced during surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) is thought to be partly a result of localized high current density in the skin underneath the stimulating electrode. This article describes a finite element (FE) model to predict skin current density distribution in the region of the electrode during stimulation and its application to the identification of electrode p...

The development of electrical excitability involves complex coordinated changes in ion channel activity. Part of this coordination appears to be due to the fact that the expression of some channels is dependent on electrical activity mediated by other channel types. For example, we have previously shown that normal potassium current development in embryonic skeletal muscle cells of the frog Xen...

We show that if the sum of the resistances of an electrical network N is finite, then there is a unique electrical current in N provided we do not allow, in a sense, any flow to escape to infinity.

For an internal conductivity image, magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography MREIT injects an electric current into an object and measures the induced magnetic flux density, which appears in the phase part of the acquired MR image data. To maximize signal intensity, the injected current nonlinear encoding ICNE method extends the duration of the current injection until the end of the M...

A standard drift-diffusion model of space charge wave propagation in semiconductors has been studied numerically and analytically under dc voltage bias. For sufficiently long samples, appropriate contact resistivity, and applied voltage-such that the sample is biased in a regime of negative differential resistance-we find chaos in the propagation of nonlinear fronts (charge monopoles of alterna...

When two conductors are separated by a sufficiently thin insulator, electrical current can flow between them by quantum tunneling. This paper presents a self-consistent model of tunneling current in a nano- and subnano-meter metal-insulator-metal plasmonic junction, by including the effects of space charge and exchange correlation potential. It is found that the J-V curve of the junction may be...

Suppose T is an infinite resistive electrical network with resistors of the form (2). We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for the current generated by external current sources by establishing the analogue of Thomson's principle in suitable modular sequence spaces.