Caffeine-augmented electroconvulsive therapy has been introduced into medical practice without experimental confirmation that such seizure modification does not result in neuronal injury. In this report rats pretreated with caffeine prior to a series of nine electrically induced convulsions showed neuronal injury confined to hippocampal sectors and striatum. Electrically induced convulsions wit...

Hypovolemic shock is a common yet underappreciated insult which often accompanies illnesses afflicting children. Indeed, it is by far the most common type of shock in the pediatric age group worldwide. Early recognition and treatment of hypovolemic shock is paramount to reversing cellular hypoxia and ischemia before irreparable end-organ

By using the recent Gertler and Kiyotaki’s (2010) setup, this paper explores the interaction between real distortions stemming from the labor market institutions and …nancial shocks. We …nd that neither labor market imperfections nor …scal institutions determining tax wedges have an impact on the volatility of the real economy induced by a …nancial shock. By contrast, real wage rigidities matte...

Standard real business cycle models must rely on total factor productivity (TFP) shocks to explain the observed comovement of consumption, investment, and hours worked. This paper shows that a neoclassical model consistent with observed heterogeneity in labor supply and consumption can generate comovement in the absence of TFP shocks. Intertemporal substitution of goods and leisure induces como...

It is estimated that the Weibel instability is not generally an effective mechanism for generating ultrarelativistic astrophysical shocks. Even if the upstream magnetic field is as low as in the interstellar medium, the shock is mediated not by the Weibel instability but by the Larmor rotation of protons in the background magnetic field. Future simulations should be able to verify or falsify ou...

We study a model where some agents have private information about risky asset returns and trade to obtain capital gains, while others acquire the risky asset and hold it to maturity, forming expectations of returns based on market prices. We show that under such a structure, in addition to fully revealing rational expectations equilibria, there exists a continuum of equilibrium prices consisten...

The pro- and anticonvulsant effects of phencyclidine (1-[1-phenylcyclohexyl]piperidine HCl, PCP), a number of its analogues, and SKF 10047 were investigated in rats. The PCP analogues were compounds produced by substitutions for the phenyl and piperidine rings of PCP and were selected to elucidate the structure-activity relationships existing between PCP and its pro- and/or anticonvulsant effec...