We present an operando study of a lithium ion battery combining scanning X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) simultaneously for the first time. This combination of techniques facilitates the investigation of dynamic processes in lithium ion batteries containing amorphous and/or weakly attenuating active materials. While amorphous materials pos...

This article reviews recent progress in the development of ferrocene (Fc)-modified thin films and nanoparticles in relation to their biosensor applications. Redox-active materials in enzyme biosensors commonly use Fc derivatives, which mediate electron transfer between the electrode and enzyme active site. Either voltammetric or amperometric signals originating from redox reactions of Fc are de...

In this review, we summarize research efforts to realize Na-based organic materials for novel battery chemistries. Na is a more abundant element than Li, thereby contributing to less costly materials with limited to no geopolitical constraints while organic electrode materials harvested from biomass resources provide the possibility of achieving renewable battery components with low environment...

The mechanical durability of conductive materials affects the performance and lifetimes of devices ranging from electrical circuits to battery electrode materials. Mismatches in thermal expansion coeffi cient, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio between the conductive materials and packaging materials in integrated circuits lead to delaminations and fractures both within conductive pathways an...

It lhas been possible to miniatuirize the glass pH electrode to an extent tllat it can be uised to measture the intraltiminal pH of single mammalian nephrons(l). There are, however, a nutmber of problems that arise from the miniaturization process. Thlese includ(le electrode insulation, the incorporation of a suitable reference electrode witlh the pH glass electrode, an(d the ultimate achievabl...

Lithium-ion batteries are supposed to be a key method to make a more efficient use of energy. In the past decade, nanostructured electrode materials have been extensively studied and have presented the opportunity to achieve superior performance for the next-generation batteries which require higher energy and power densities and longer cycle life. In this article, we reviewed recent research a...

Three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous architectures, possessing high surface area, massive pores, and excellent structural stability, are highly desirable for many applications including catalysts and electrode materials in lithium ion batteries. However, the preparation of such materials remains a major challenge. Here, we introduce a novel method, instant gelation, for the synthesis of such mater...

Catalytic materials used in many industrial and energy-conversion processes must be durable to maximize their useful lifetimes, especially when expensive precious metal catalysts are utilized. Conventional methods of catalyst formation typically use synthetic stabilizers and reductants to form nanostructures with high surface area and catalytic activity. Synthesized nanomaterials are then mixed...

nt matter & 2011 n.2011.11.001 thor. Tel.: +86 24 6. [email protected] ( ve equally contrib Abstract Recent progress on graphene/metal oxide composites as advanced electrode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and electrochemical capacitors (ECs) is described, highlighting the importance of synergistic effects between graphene and metal oxides and the beneficial role of graphene in composite...

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative for the next generation of electric storage systems due to their similar electrochemistry to Li-ion batteries and the low cost of sodium resources. Exploring appropriate electrode materials with decent electrochemical performance is the key issue for development of sodium ion batteries. Due to the high structural stabil...