ionospheric slab thickness is defined as the ratio of tec to maximum electron density of the f-region (nmf2), proportional to the square of the f2-layer critical frequency (fof2). it is an important parameter in that it is linearly correlated with scale height of the ionosphere, which is related to electron density profile. it also reflects variation of the neutral temperature. therefore, ionos...

In early work of March and Young (1959), it was pointed out for spin-free fermions that a firstorder density matrix (1DM) for N−1 particles could be constructed from a 2DM (Γ) for N fermions divided by the diagonal of the 1DM, the density n(r1), as 2Γ(r1, r ′ 2; r1, r2)/n(r1) for any arbitrary fixed r1. Here, we thereby set up a family of variationally valid 1DMS constructed via the above propo...

first principle calculations were performed using density functional theory within the local spin density approximation (lsda) to understand the electronic properties of au(100)+tbt system and compare the results with au(100) and bulk au properties. band structure, the total dos and charge density for these materials are calculated. we found that the homo for au(100)+tbt becomes broader than au...

Ž . An analytical expression of the electron density function r r due to Schwartz for two-electron atomic systems is applied to a detailed study of density-dependent properties of relatively heavy two-electron ions. Comparison of the Schwartz results with those from accurate Hartree]Fock and Hylleraas wave functions shows that despite its simple yet analytical form, the Schwartz density has a q...