Supramolecular polymers are linear chains of low molar mass monomers held together by reversible and directional non-covalent interactions, which can form gels or highly viscous solutions if the self-assembled chains are sufficiently long and rigid. The viscosity of these solutions can be controlled by adding monofunctional compounds, which interact with the chain extremities: chain stoppers. W...

Copyright © 2009 ONdrugDelivery Publishing Ltd 22 Suppliers of pharmaceutical packaging components and delivery devices have been working closely with the industry in an effort to provide solutions for mitigating the risk associated with extractables and leachables. This effort includes managing both the technical and regulatory aspects of the subject. The following example illustrates the chal...

The daytime martian ionosphere has been observed as a two-layer structure with electron densities that peak at altitudes between about 110 and 130 kilometers. The Mars Express Orbiter Radio Science Experiment on the European Mars Express spacecraft observed, in 10 out of 120 electron density profiles, a third ionospheric layer at altitude ranges of 65 to 110 kilometers, where electron densities...

A novel protocol for precisely coating individual multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an ultrathin layer of polypyrrole was developed. The nanocoated MWCNTs were successfully prepared by in situ chemical deposition of polypyrrole in an aqueous suspension of MWCNTs. The coating layer was very uniform and the thickness of the layer was determined by controlling the monomer concentration used...

Sheet metal bending processes are applied in a multitude of mechanical parts. The process involves optimising the sequence of designated bends taking into account the total processing and handling time, avoiding collisions of the sheet metal with tools and machine and respecting the dimensional accuracy constraints of the part. Experienced operators employ expert rules to define possible differ...

Juvenile budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) observed thin film transistor video playback of a virtual conspecific demonstrator using its beak to remove a stopper from a food box, either by pulling the object upward or by pushing it downward. Simultaneously (Experiment 1) or subsequently (Experiment 2), the observers were offered a similar stopper box and rewarded with access to food for each...

Percutaneous pinning after closed reduction is commonly used to treat supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Minor pin tract infections frequently occur. The aim of this study was to prevent pin tract infections using a rubber stopper to reduce irritation of the skin against the Kirschner (K) wire following percutaneous pinning. Between July 2011 and June 2012, seventeen children w...

Abstract. In this paper, the model of a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) spring resonator with end stopper for an energy harvesting application is presented. Then we characterize its nonlinear dynamical behavior by numerical simulations when some suitable parameters are varied. The system is formed by two resonators subject to external vibrational excitation and with an end stopper. We present the...

Abstract: We consider three closely related problems in optimal control: (1) minimizing the probability of lifetime ruin when the rate of consumption is stochastic and when the individual can invest in a Black-Scholes financial market; (2) minimizing the probability of lifetime ruin when the rate of consumption is constant but the individual can invest in two risky correlated assets; and (3) a ...

We study a robust optimal stopping problem with respect to a set P of mutually singular probabilities. This can be interpreted as a zero-sum controller-stopper game in which the stopper is trying to maximize its pay-off while an adverse player wants to minimize this payoff by choosing an evaluation criteria from P. We show that the upper Snell envelope Z of the reward process Y is a supermartin...