The sampling distributions of several statistics that measure the association of alleles on gametes (linkage disequilibrium) are estimated under a two-locus neutral infinite allele model using an efficient Monte Carlo method. An often used approximation for the mean squared linkage disequilibrium is shown to be inaccurate unless the proper statistical conditioning is used. The joint distributio...

A aggressive dialysis in a grossly azotemic patient, especially one with severe metabolic acidosis, can lead to dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). Mild forms present as nausea, vomiting, restlessness, and headache. Severe manifestations include seizures, obtundation, coma, and even death. This clinical picture is caused by cerebral edema induced by one or more of the following mechanisms:

Abstract This paper analyses determinants of household savings in a model based on an extension the disequilibrium theory. These extensions follow from life-cycle, permanent-income and Ricardian-equivalence theories. Based panel data 20 countries period 2000–2020, fixed-effect least squares estimation procedures are used. The analysis provides evidence that negative interest rates lead to stati...

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is bases of genomic selection, genomic marker imputation, marker assisted selection (MAS), quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, parentage testing and whole genome association studies. The Particular alleles at closed loci have a tendency to be co-inherited. In linked loci this pattern leads to association between alleles in population which is known as LD. Two metr...

Deep ocean deoxygenation inferred from proxies has been used to support the hypothesis that a lower atmospheric carbon dioxide during glacial times was due an increase in strength of ocean’s biological pump. This relies on assumption surface oxygen (O2) is equilibrated with atmosphere such any O2 deficiency observed deep waters result organic matter respiration, which consumes and produces diss...

Family-based tests of linkage disequilibrium typically are based on nuclear-family data including affected individuals and their parents or their unaffected siblings. A limitation of such tests is that they generally are not valid tests of association when data from related nuclear families from larger pedigrees are used. Standard methods require selection of a single nuclear family from any ex...

This paper provides ready-to-use equations to describe variations in uranium-series (U-series) disequilibrium as a function of elemental distribution coefficients, melting porosity, melting rate, and melting time. The effects of these melting parameters on U-series disequilibria are quantitatively evaluated in both an absolute and relative sense. The importance of net elemental fractionation an...

Many bacterial species exhibit strong linkage disequilibrium of their chromosomal genes, which apparently indicates restricted recombination between alleles at different loci. The extent to which restricted recombination reflects limited migration between geographically isolated populations versus infrequent mixis of genotypes within populations is more difficult to determine. We examined the g...

The history of Economic Theory shows in several stages the influence of Thermodynamics. The analogies between economic systems and thermodynamic systems are at the same time quite obvious and misleading. Important thermodynamic notions lack of counterparts in Economics, making the goal of transferring concepts -other than the trivial analoguesfrom one discipline to the other an epistemological ...

Linkage disequilibrium is an important topic in evolutionary and population genetics. An issue yet to be settled is the theory required to extend the linkage disequilibrium analysis to complex traits. In this study, we present theoretical analysis and methods for detecting or estimating linkage disequilibrium (LD) between a polymorphic marker locus and any one of the loci affecting a complex di...