The main purpose of this paper is to review and compare E-waste management systems operating in East Asian countries in efforts to identify future challenges facing the circulative economies in the region. The first topic of this paper is cost sharing (physical and financial) as applied to the various stakeholders, including producers, consumers, local governments and recyclers, in the E-waste ...

The aluminum impregnated catalysts of Al-alumina (Al-Al2O3), Al-montmorillonite (Al-Mmn) and Al-activated charcoal (Al-AC) of various percent loadings were prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by SEM, XRD and N2 adsorption/desorption (BET). The catalytic properties were investigated in the degradation of waste polystyrene (WPS). The results of catalytic degradation of Al metal,...

Global information infrastructures can offer tremendous opportunities for small and medium enterprises to do global business electronically. But communication networks alone are not sufficient to enable international electronic trade. Parties have to know about each others' "way of doing business" before they can start exchanging data electronically; they have to agree upon the trade procedure ...

A view of modern electronic packaging technology is presented along with its applications at APL. Although not always distinct, electronic packaging may be separated into three levels: component, board, and system. The manufacturing technologies and designs may vary at each level, but they all must provide electrical interconnection, thermal management, and mechanical and environmental protecti...

The article examines approaches to the development of digital competencies commerce students, in context increasing requirements for level training specialists from labor market. A study directions transformation field trade, corporate systems automating business processes trade enterprises, employers, and Russian foreign experience has been carried out. authors have developed electronic educat...

With the development of digital rights management systems, new commercial applications for the trade with digital goods will be introduced, and new information services will be provided. As digital goods or services can be delivered over networks, it is also desired that they can immediately be paid electronically. Thus, it is assumed that the trade with digital goods stimulates the deployment ...

This paper analyses the impact of a transition from open outcry to electronic trading in the UK Long Gilt futures market. Price clustering behaviour is not materially affected, but there is an increased concentration of large trades at more popular prices. After automation, narrower bid-ask spreads tend to be associated with relatively smaller trades. There is a substantial reduction in mean tr...

Dynamism of trade activity inevitably results in situations where sellers face local supply shortages. In such cases, sellers need to decide which buyer purchase requests to satisfy. Commonly, sellers satisfy purchase requests based on their arrival order, i.e., First In is First Served (FIFS). In electronic trade, sellers may follow strategies diier-ent from FIFS without the buyers being able ...

Adverse selection induces economic limits to market substitution. If quality uncertainty persists in both internet and traditional marketplaces, a second-best equilibrium with parallel market segments may arise. Positive trade in parallel segments implies that the information cost advantage of one marketplace is exactly offset by a more severe adverse selection problem associated with non-obser...

Current research on electronic-commerce focused mainly on fair and e cient transfer of money and goods between a client and a vendor. Inter-enterprise electronic commerce, though, bestows a more complex setting on the trade by adding a new dimension to the individual-merchant frame. The parties involved in a purchase are no longer autonomous entities, but are members of an organization whose ru...