background : in spite of clinically useful photon and electron beams, high energy linacs produce secondary particles such as neutrons (photo-neutron production). neutrons have important roles during treatment with high energy photons in terms of protection and dose escalation. in this project, neutron dose equivalent of 18 mv varian accelerators is calculated by tld600 and tld700. materials and...

The paper focuses on two particular phenomena which contribute to the poor collection efficiency of fine particles (from ~ 0.1 μm to ~ 2 μm) by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). Firstly, the influence of turbulence on collection rate is considered as well as the fact that the charged fine particles are expected to give the main contribution in the generation of small eddies in ESPs. Experimen...

In this paper, results of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow velocity fields in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are presented. The measurements were carried out for various densities of submicron dust. The ESP was an acrylic parallelepiped with a wire discharge electrode and two plate collecting electrodes. The positive DC voltage was applied...

NIO1 is a compact radio frequency (RF) ion source based on inductively coupled plasma (ICP), jointly developed by Consorzio RFX and INFN-LNL [1], installed at RFX and currently in its initial operation phase. It is designed to generate a 60 kV-135 mA hydrogen negative ion beam, composed of 3 x 3 beamlets over an area of about 40 x 40 mm2. There are three acceleration grids named plasma grid (PG...

Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) are most important device used to control the pollution by collecting dust particles present on flue gases. In power plants, Coal used in Indian thermal power stations is of inferior grade, at power plant flue gas is often treated with a series of chemical process and scrubbers, having low calorific value (3500-4500)kcal/kg and high ash content due to drift ori...

Proton accelerators were originally developed for nuclear physics experiments as an alternative to radioactive source or cosmic rays. From the earliest days, the energy of the proton has been the most important design parameter of the accelerator builders. As early proton accelerators one can name the Van de Graaff[2] and Cockcroft-Walton[3] devices. They are electrostatic machines, of which th...

a quantum chemical investigation was carried out to study the properties of intermolecular f•••f, br•••br and br•••o interactions in crystalline 1-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-nitrobenzene (bfnb). this system was selected to mimic the halogen-halogen as well as halogen bonding interactions found within crystal structures as well as within biological systems. we found that fluorine atoms have weak ...