The standard model of the early universe is extraordinarily simple: it just assumes a globally isotropic and uniform universe. In the simplest version there is no structure of any kind on scales larger than individual elementary particles; indeed the contents are determined by “just physics”— global expansion governed by relativity, particle interactions governed by the Standard Model, and dist...

We explain the origin of the difficulties that appear in a straightforward application of the QRPA in 12 C, and we demonstrate that it is imperative to use the projected QRPA (PQRPA). Satisfactory results, not only for the weak processes among the ground states of the triad { 12 B, 12 C, 12 N }, but also for the inclusive ones are obtained. We sketch as well a new formalism for the neutrino-nuc...

We show that the free propagation and interactions of all fundamental particle fields can be derived from arithmetic summations over a suitably parametrized null-cone. Our approach represents a considerable simplification of the path integral formalism and leads to essentially identical results as those obtained from conventional procedures, but without using i) differential operators, ii) the ...

In 1969, Murray Gell-Mann won the nobel prize in physics “for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.” He is the scientist who first used the word quark, and he was the first to describe the SU3(C) flavor symmetry of the hadrons. By organizing the particles according to the root system of the lie algebra su3(C) associated t...

Various theories of spinning particles are interpreted as realizing elements of an underlying geometric theory. Classical particles are described by trajectories on the Poincaré group. Upon quantization an eleven-dimensional Kaluza-Klein type theory is obtained which incorporates spin and isospin in a local SL(2, C) × U(1) × SU(2) theory with broken U(1)× SU(2) part. The theories that describe ...

A fundamental problem in quantum theory is to establish a connection between its local description (quantum field theory) and measurable quantities (particle masses, scattering amplitudes). In elementary particle physics one relies mostly on approximation techniques due to the non-integrable structure of the interactions. In order to gain a deeper understanding of quantum theory in general thes...

With the standard fibre being a coset manifold, the transformation of a connection form in a fibre bundle under the action of the isometry group includes a dependence on the fibre coordinate. Elimination of the fibre coordinate from the transformation rule implies that the standard fibre is a Lie group and that the bundle is a principal bundle. The dependence on the fibre coordinate is consider...

The formation length of particles produced in the relativistic collisions of hadrons and nuclei has relevance to fundamental principles of physics at small interaction distances. The relation is expressed by a z scaling observed in the differential cross sections for the inclusive reactions at high energies. The scaling variable reflects the length of the elementary particle trajectory in terms...

In this lecture, we present a brief description of properties of the neutron. We describe its internal properties: life time, mass, charge, magnetic and electric dipole moments... Particular attention will be paid to two most important characteristics of the neutron – its life time and electric dipole moment – both of them are now studied in a few different experiments. Moreover, the measuremen...

String theory avoids the ultraviolet infinities that arise in trying to quantize gravity. It is also more predictive than conventional quantum field theory, one aspect of this being the way that it contributed to the emergence of the concept of “supersymmetry” of particle interactions. There are hints from the successes of supersymmetric unified theories of particle interactions that supersymme...