In previous papers, a simple genetic algorithm (GA) was developed for the optimization of pump operations in water-distribution networks. Its application at the water supply network of Milano showed the possibility of a great improvement of its performance in terms of both energy and economic savings. In the present paper is now investigated the possibility of using different and improved GAs t...

Estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is an intelligent optimization algorithm based on the probability statistics theory. A fast elitism Gaussian estimation of distribution algorithm (FEGEDA) is proposed in this paper. The Gaussian probability model is used to model the solution distribution. The parameters of Gaussian come from the statistical information of the best individuals by fast ...

This paper explores the impacts of political elitism in Nigeria. is informed by our past experiences and present realities Nigerian elites that play exclusionary politics which this interrogates. It argues thesis there need for inclusive governance participation order not to turn Nigeria into a fragile state. The purpose ensure good achieved sustained. based on reason relationships between citi...

Research whose financial support is gratefully acknowledged. We are in particular indebted to Eugenio Peluso and Nicolas Gravel for helpful conversations and suggestions. We also would like to thank two anonymous referees whose comments have helped us to make our ideas more precise and to improve the paper. Needless to say, the authors bear the entire responsibility for remaining errors and def...

Pundits, development practitioners, and scholars worry that rising populism international disengagement in developed countries have negative consequences on foreign aid. However, how aid go together is not well understood. This paper provides the first systematic examination of this relationship. We adopt popular ideational definition populism, unpack into its core “thin” elements, examine them...

49 Any real-world optimization problem involves several objectives. Chemical engineering is no exception. Chemical processes, such as distillation (Figure 1), refinery operations, polymerization, etc., involve a number of process parameters which are to be set for achieving certain properties in the final product. Often such a process is modelled using a number of differential and/or algebraic ...