The developmental changes in the equine conceptus, its maternal environment and their interaction during the first 4 weeks following fertilization are reviewed. Attention is drawn to species-specific events to show why the horse is such a valuable model in which to study early pregnancy.

EGF signaling is a well-known oncogenic pathway in animals. It is also a key developmental pathway regulating terminal and dorsal-ventral patterning along with many other aspects of embryogenesis. In this review, we focus on the diverse roles for the EGF pathway in Drosophila embryogenesis. We review the existing body of evidence concerning EGF signaling in Drosophila embryogenesis focusing on ...

The dishevelled (Dvl) PDZ domain is believed to play an essential role in the canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, which are involved in embryo development as well as in tumorigenesis. Also, it binds directly to frizzled (Fz) receptors. An organic molecule (NSC668036) from the National Cancer Institute small-molecule library has been identified to be able to bind to the Dvl PDZ do...

J. Anim. Sci Vol. 94, E-Suppl. 5/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 99, E-Suppl. 1 collected from CSSO cows were longer (P = 0.04) compared with embryos collected from CSSO cohorts (2.57 vs. 1.15 cm, respectively; SEM = 0.59). In summary, supplementing beef cows with 100 g of CSSO beginning after AI increased CL and embryo development by d 15 of gestation.

MATERNAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO EMBRYONIC PATTERN FORMATION ................................... THE INITIAL ACTIVATION OF THE ZYGOTIC GENOME ......................................................... A GENETIC HIERARCHY : THE ZYGOTICALLY ACTIVE SEGMENTATION GENES ....................... HOW DO SEGMENTATION GENES CONTROL MORPHOLOGY?. ....... REGULATION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HOMEOTIC GENE EXPRESSIO...

The later embryogenesis of the fetal face and the alteration in the facial structure from birth to adulthood have been reviewed. Part 3 of the review will address the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the changes described in parts 1 and 2.

Collective cell migration plays essential roles in a wide spectrum of biological processes, such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and cancer metastasis. Numerous wound-healing assays based on mechanical, chemical, optical, and electrical approaches have been developed to create model "wounds" in cell monolayers to study the collective cell migration processes. These approaches can result ...

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate fibroblast co-culture and Activin A on in vitro maturation and fertilization of mouse preantral follicles. Methods: The ovaries from 12-14-day-old mice were dissected, and 120-150 μm preantral follicles were cultured individually in α-MEM as based medium for 12 days. A total number of 456 follicles were cultured in four conditions: (i) base mediu...

background: the study of specific genes expressed in the testis is important to understanding testis development and function. spermatogenesis is an attractive model for the study of gene expression during germ cell differentiation. spermatogenesis associated-19 (spata-19) is a recently-identified important spermatogenesis-related gene specifically expressed in testis. its protein product is in...