The intra-European migration flows have fostered debates about the intentions of migrants to settle in their destination country or return countries origin. Based on a quantitative analysis survey data (N = 1391), this article presents typology patterns among from Latvia Nordic countries. Using two dimensions—attachment and attachment origin—the identifies character...

The phenomenon of brain drain, that is the emigration highly skilled people, has many undesirable effects, particularly for developing countries. In this study, an agent-based model developed to understand dynamics such emigration. We hypothesise people's decisions are based on several factors including overall economic and social difference between home host countries, ability capacity obtain ...

T lymphopoiesis in the thymus was thought to be completed once it reaches the single positive (SP) stage, a stage when T cells are "fully mature" and waiting to be exported at random or follow a "first-in-first-out" manner. Recent evidence, however, has revealed that the newly generated SP thymocytes undergo a multistage maturation program in the thymic medulla. Such maturation is followed by a...

Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) must undergo phenotypic and functional maturation to become long-lived mature naive T cells. In CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice, NKAP-deficient RTEs fail to complete T cell maturation. In this study, we demonstrate that NKAP-deficient immature RTEs do not undergo apoptosis, but are eliminated by complement. C3, C4, and C1q are bound to NKAP-deficient periph...

The peripheral naive T-cell pool is generally thought to consist of a subpopulation of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) and a subpopulation of mature naive (MN) T cells with different dynamics. Thymus transplantation and adoptive transfer studies in mice have provided contradicting results, with some studies suggesting that RTEs are relatively short-lived cells, while another study suggested that...

This study shows that, in humans at birth, circulating T cells represent recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) as reflected in their high level of expression of TCR excision circles. RTEs express "thymocyte-like" characteristics with regard to rapid rate of apoptosis. In the presence of common gamma-chain cytokines, in particular IL-7, they show enhanced potential to survive, entry into cell cycle, an...