Background and aims Problem gambling has been identified as an emergent public health issue, and there is a need to identify gambling trends and to regularly update worldwide gambling prevalence rates. This paper aims to review recent research on adult gambling and problem gambling (since 2000) and then, in the context of a growing liberalization of the gambling market in the European Union, in...

In this paper, we investigate the problem of binary classification with a reject option in which one can withhold the decision of classifying an observation at a cost lower than that of misclassification. Since the natural loss function is non-convex so that empirical risk minimization easily becomes infeasible, the paper proposes minimizing convex risks based on surrogate convex loss functions...

For completeness, in this section we derive the dual (5) to the problem of computing proximal operator for the ERM objective (3).

1. An abstract framework for ERM To study ERM in a general framework, we will adopt a simplified notation often used in the literature. We have a space Z and a class F of functions f : Z→ [0, 1]. Let P(Z) denote the space of all probability distributions on Z. For each sample size n, the training data are in the form of an n-tuple Zn = (Z1, . . . , Zn) of Z-valued random variables drawn accordi...

We introduce a new sample complexity measure, which we refer to as split-sample growth rate. For any hypothesis H and for any sample S of size m, the split-sample growth rate τ̂H(m) counts how many different hypotheses can empirical risk minimization output on any sub-sample of S of size m/2. We show that the expected generalization error is upper bounded by O ( √

In empirical research about psychotherapy it is usual to discuss similarities and differences between the schools of psychotherapy. It is more uncommon to analyze the historical roots for these discussions. This overview describes the subject of similarities and differences between the most common orientations in psychotherapy from a number of perspectives. First there is a discussion about how...

there are a number of techniques available to estimate saturated-liquid molar or specific volumes or densities of liquids. in this study, a new empirical correlation is presented to calculate volume of saturated liquids as a function of critical volume, reduced temperature and acentric factor. an optimization algorithm is utilized to obtain unknown parameters of this correlation by fitting them...

abstract to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on competitive ability of canola against wild mustard interference, a split plot trial based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out. experimental treatment were amounts of nitrogen fertilizer of urea (46% nitrogen) in 4 levels (100, 150, 200 and 250 kgn/ha) and 5 wild mustard densities ...

shear wave velocity is a basic engineering tool required to define dynamic properties of soils. in many instances it may be preferable to determine vs indirectly by common in-situ tests, such as the standard penetration test. many empirical correlations based on the standard penetration test are broadly classified as regression techniques. however, no rigorous procedure has been published for c...