Abstract Numerous factors, including leadership style, capabilities, communication climate, and customer character, contribute to performance gaps. The research prioritizes the passenger transportation services of PT X over work other divisions. It highlights employee relations as a factor contributing emergence gaps in X. method used this study was descriptive qualitative. Observation intervie...

The concept of alliance or preferably ‘alignment’, as I shall explain below – is central to the conduct of international politics, and thus the discipline of International Relations (IR). Duffield et al. (2008: 291) identify that ‘Alliances are one of the most significant phenomena in security studies and world politics more generally’, while Modelski (1963: 773) considers them ‘one of a dozen ...

In this article I locate some of the fundamental problems of self-determination within the context of an evolving international society. First, I argue that one particular manifestation of self-determination, that of national self-determination, is both a solution to the enduring problem of territorial legitimation in international relations as well as the source of subsequent challenges to ter...

This paper reports early results at the intersection of knowledge and language acquisition. Humans learn much by reading, a capability largely absent from machines. We assume that (1) some conceptual structure exists, represented in an ontology, (2) a handful of examples of each concept and relation is provided, and (3) the machine knows the grammatical structure and semantic structure of the l...

This study investigated relations between payfor-performance incentives designed to vary in instrumentality (annual pay-for-performance, quarterly pay-forperformance, and base pay level) and employee outcomes (self-reported work effort and turnover intention) in a longitudinal study spanning more than 2 years. After controlling for perceived instrumentality, merit pay increase, and the initial ...