PURPOSE To determine the in vitro plasma protein binding, and the in vivo brain, heart and plasma concentrations of ethopropazine (ET) enantiomers in the rat after iv doses. METHODS For in vivo assessment of ET enantiomer concentrations, rats with implanted jugular vein cannulae were injected with 10 mg/kg of (+/-)-ET HCl. At selected times after dosing, rats were sacrificed and heart, brain,...

Enantiomeric pairs of mirror-image molecular structures are difficult to resolve by instrumental analyses. The human olfactory system, however, discriminates (-)-wine lactone from its (+)-form rapidly within seconds. To gain insight into receptor coding of enantiomers, we compared behavioural detection and discrimination thresholds of wild-type mice with those of ΔD mice in which all dorsal olf...

The controversy over the absolute configuration of (+)-erythro-mefloquine, the less psychosis-causing enantiomer of the anti-malarial drug Lariam, has been resolved by Mosher ester crystallization. The configuration determined previously by physical methods is correct, whereas the configuration determined by three enantioselective syntheses is wrong.

We report the use of carbon-proton heteronuclear selective refocusing 2D NMR experiments dedicated to the spectral analysis of enantiomers dissolved in weakly ordering chiral liquid crystalline solvents. The method permits the extraction of carbon-proton residual dipolar couplings for each enantiomer from a complex or unresolved proton-coupled 13C spectral patterns. Illustrative examples are an...

The provision of pure enantiomers is of increasing importance not only for the pharmaceutical industry but also for agrochemistry and biotechnology. In general, there are two rival approaches to provide pure enantiomers. The "chiral" approach is based on developing an asymmetric synthesis of just one of the enantiomers, while the "racemic" approach is based on separating mixtures of the two ena...

Phenoxy acid herbicides and their potential metabolites represent industrial or agricultural waste that impacts groundwater and surface waters through leaching from old landfills throughout the world. Fate assessment of dichlorprop and its putative metabolite 4-CPP (2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid) is frequently obstructed by inconclusive evidence from redox conditions, heterogeneous geologic...

Interpretation of drug testing results requires detailed scientific information, particularly in those cases where the question of legitimate use versus illicit use arises. Amphetamine remains a widely abused drug throughout the world, although it is also used therapeutically for weight loss, narcolepsy, and attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). Treatment of ADHD using stimulant...

BACKGROUND Praziquantel remains the drug of choice for the worldwide treatment and control of schistosomiasis. The drug is synthesized and administered as a racemate. Use of the pure active enantiomer would be desirable since the inactive enantiomer is associated with side effects and is responsible for the extremely bitter taste of the pill. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have identified ...