BACKGROUND Paradoxical external anal sphincter contraction during attempted defecation (anismus) is thought to be an important contributor to chronic faecal retention and encopresis in children. Biofeedback training can be used to teach children to abolish this abnormal contraction. METHODS A randomised controlled trial in medical treatment resistant and/or treatment dependent children with a...

In this paper, we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to satisfy a multisymplectic conservation law, when applied to a canonical Hamiltonian system of partial differential equations. We show that these conditions are satisfied by the “hybridized” versions of several of the most commonly-used finite element methods, including mixed, no...

Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are studied for solving an elliptic variational inequality of 4th-order. Numerous discontinuous Galerkin schemes for the Kirchhoff plate bending problem are extended to the variational inequality. Numerical results are presented to illustrate convergence orders of the different methods.

We present a systematic and constructive methodology to devise various hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods for linearized shallow water equations. At the heart of our development is an upwind HDG framework obtained by hybridizing the upwind flux in the standard discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approach. The chief idea is to first break the uniqueness of the upwind flux across element bou...

PURPOSE To evaluate the correlation between colon transit time (CTT) test value and initial maintenance dose of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 or lactulose. METHODS Of 415 children with chronic functional constipation, 190 were enrolled based on exclusion criteria using the CTT test, defecation diary, and clinical chart. The CTT test was performed with prior disimpaction. The laxative dose fo...

Main results 14 studies (12 randomised controlled trials, 843 children) met the selection criteria. Children had encopresis in 12 studies and faecal incontinence resulting from congenital abnormalities in 2 studies. Study duration was 2–6 weeks in 6 studies, 8–18 weeks in 6 studies, and 12 months in 1 study. 8 studies compared conventional treatment (laxatives, dietary advice, and toilet traini...

BACKGROUND The role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the management of pancreatobiliary and digestive diseases is well established in adults, but it remains limited in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical impact of EUS use in children. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired database of consecutive pediatric (< 18 ...