OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Large intracranial calcifications are occasionally encountered in routine computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain. These calcifications, also known as "brain stones", can be classified according to location and aetiology. Combining imaging findings with relevant clinical history and physical examination can help narrow down the differential diagnosis and may allow con...

Bursting oscillations are common in neurons and endocrine cells. One type of bursting model with two slow variables has been called 'phantom bursting' since the burst period is a blend of the time constants of the slow variables. A phantom bursting model can produce bursting with a wide range of periods: fast (short period), medium, and slow (long period). We describe a measure, which we call t...

A 32-year-old Chinese woman with rapid weight gain and progressive edema was found to have typical Cushingoid features. Her endocrine data were consistent with a diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. To differentiate ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) from Cushing's disease (CD), various dynamic endocrine and imaging tests were performed. Her ACTH response was negative to corticotropin-relea...

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is one of the most common pediatric disorders of the male endocrine glands and the most common genital disorder identified at birth. Ultrasound is commonly ordered for boys with undescended testes prior to referral to a surgical specialist, but its sensitivity and specificity is insufficient to reliably localize non-palpable testes and thus confers unnecessa...

Thyroid carcinoma is uncommon but accounts for roughly 95% of all cancers of the endocrine system (1). The "well-differentiated" thyroid tumors include the papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell subtypes. Although the management of these tumor types generally is similar, important diagnostic and clinical differences do exist (2). We present a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma with spinal me...

BACKGROUND Insulinoma is the most common endocrine tumor of the pancreas. Accurate preoperative detection and localization of insulinomas is essential for the appropriate selection of candidates for surgery. We present two cases with benign pancreatic insulinoma. CASE PRESENTATION Preoperative evaluation for patients with suspected insulinomas has been controversial. Endoscopic ultrasonograph...

Adolescent cancers are treated with a host of chemotherapy agents, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation. The complications of these treatments may contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality in this age group, with imaging playing a role in identifying some of these complications. This second article reviews the imaging of acute and early complications relating to adolescent c...

An epidermoid cyst arising within an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIAS) is rare, and also difficult to correctly diagnose before surgery. It is mostly misdiagnosed as a cystic tumor, such as a mucinous cystic neoplasm or as a solid tumor with cystic degeneration, such as a neuro endocrine tumor. We herein report a case of ECIAS and also perform a literature review of 35 reports of ECIAS. ...

IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) is a newly recognized systemic disease characterized by the elevation of serum IgG4 levels and abundant IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration into the involved organs. Few data exist regarding the relationship between diabetes or glucose intolerance and IgG4RD in the absence of obvious type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Therefore, we are characterizing pancreat...