OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of different primary reasons for endodontic referrals and the clinical symptoms of the referred cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data of total endodontic treatment cases (1,014 teeth) including endodontic referral cases (224 teeth) between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012, at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, were investigated retrospectively. ...

An accurate understanding of the morphology of the root canal system is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment. Invaginated teeth have a complex root canal configuration that cannot be instrumented effectively and should be treated by both endodontic therapy and surgery. A case of dens invaginatus Type 3 in a maxillary lateral incisor with a periapical lesion and its successful trea...

background and aim: the main goal of endodontic treatments is eliminating the etiologic factors of pulpal and periapical diseases as well as maintaining this condition via providing a hermetic seal between periodontium and root canal system. if these were not possible through orthograde approach, periradicular surgery and root-end filling are indicated. review of literature: different materials...

A gummy smile is a form of excessive gingival display when smiling. The due to altered eruption likely benefit from crown lengthening surgery in order restore the esthetic smile. Case Report: potential complications include possible deformities, dentine hypersensitivity, transient mobility, and root resorption. present case report reveals rare complication happened after an which was performed ...

The field of endodontics has seen vast improvements in technology and techniques over the past several years. Perhaps the one area of endodontics that has improved the most is the way in which surgery is performed. With the use of state-of-the-art instruments, new and improved materials, and a surgical operating microscope, the gap has narrowed between biological concepts and the ability to ach...

Variations of dental root canals were reported by different authors. One of the rare variations is the presence of two separate palatal roots of maxillary molars, especially second maxillary molars. This case study reported a maxillary second molar with two separate palatal roots and a palatal bifurcation which was found during the periodontal flap surgery. Although these variations are rare, a...

Traumatic injuries to permanent teeth include coronal and root fractures, subluxations, luxations, and avulsions. The most common complications after avulsions are necrosis of the pulp and root resorption. Treatment is often complex, time consuming, and expensive and requires multidisciplinary approaches such as endodontic and periodontal treatments, surgery, orthodontic movements, as well as e...

This paper describes the case of a 12-year-old male patient who presented a severe lateral luxation of the maxillary central incisors due to a bicycle fall. Treatment involved suture of the soft tissues lacerations, and repositioning and splinting of the injured teeth, followed by endodontic treatment and periodontal surgery. After a 2-year follow-up, clinical and radiographic evaluation reveal...