This study aimed to identify the cause of sustained mortality in freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare Schultze, 1823) kept at an ornamental fish production facility Türkiye. Parasitological, bacteriological and histopathological examination were performed on moribund hybrid individuals. The had haemorrhaged eyes, darkened skin, scale loss, ascites false faeces. A pale liver, splenomegaly ...

Kucing merupakan hewan yang cukup banyak dipelihara oleh manusia. Sebagai peliharaan kucing perlu mendapat perhatian perawatan baik dari pemiliknya terlebih dalam hal kesehatannya. Banyak pemilik tidak tahu gejala penyakit pada ini, sehingga sering terjadi keterlambatan penanganan, pencegahan ataupun pengobatan karena ketidaktahuan akan sakit kucing. Sistem Pakar adalah sistem mengadopsi kemamp...

Estimating the immunocompetence of herbivore insects under elevated CO2 is an important step in understanding the effects of elevated CO2 on crop-herbivore-natural enemy interactions. Current study determined the effect of elevated CO2 on the immune response of Helicoverpa armigera against its parasitoid Microplitis mediator. H. armigera were reared in growth chambers with ambient or elevated C...

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a fundamental role in the vertebrate immune response and are amongst the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate genomes. It is generally agreed that the highly polymorphic nature of the MHC is maintained through host-parasite co-evolution. Two nonexclusive mechanisms of selection are supposed to act on MHC genes: superiority of MHC heterozy...

Free-living amoebae are increasingly being recognized to serve as vehicles of dispersal for various bacterial human pathogens and as hosts for a variety of obligate bacterial endocytobionts. Several Chlamydia-like Acanthamoeba endocytobionts constituting the recently proposed family Parachlamydiaceae are of special interest as potential human pathogens. In this study coccoid bacterial endocytob...

Within populations the contact rate of hosts and infectious parasites is mediated by the interactions of resource availability, host density, and host behavior. Fluctuations in host density can result in the loss or extinction of a parasite population as contact rates between parasites and susceptible individuals drop below thresholds of parasite population persistence. Less understood is how c...

Conditions of the urban environment have a significant impact on ecology animals, including helminth communities. The response community to ecological imbalance and their adaptation life in remain an urgent problem parasitology. In this study, we aimed compare species diversity distribution helminths forest parks with varying degrees anthropogenic pressure. urbanized territories 5 locations cit...