INTRODUCTION Two positions have been reported for ureteroscopy (URS): dorsal lithotomy (DL) position and dorsal lithotomy position with same side leg slightly extended (DLEL). The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes associated with URS performed with patients in DL vs. DLEL position. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 98 patients treated for ureteral calculi were randomized to ...

INTRODUCTION Currently, stone size cannot be accurately measured while performing flexible ureteroscopy (URS). We developed novel software for ureteroscopic, stone size measurement, and then evaluated its performance. METHODS A novel application capable of measuring stone fragment size, based on the known distance of the basket tip in the ureteroscope's visual field, was designed and calibrat...

Small-cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is a rare and rapidly progressive malignant tumor with an extremely unfavorable prognosis. We report a case of long-term survival and review similar cases in the literature. An 84-year-old Japanese woman visited a clinic complaining of tarry stools. Type-1 tumor was detected in the left posterior wall of the middle thoracic esophagus on endoscopic ex...

Organizing Lobar Pneumonia is a rare form of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia.  Herein, we report a rare case of organizing pneumonia involving lung, mediastinum and esophagus.  A 16-year-old girl was referred to our center with clinical signs and symptoms of dysphagia and weight loss.  The main abnormal radiologic and endoscopic findings were stricture of the lower third of esopha...

Examination of a biliodigestive anastomosis presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Visualization of biliodigestive anastomosis and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with intervention is possible with a double balloon enteroscope.

Background and study aims  A 70-year-old-man underwent an esophagectomy and posterior mediastinal reconstruction for esophageal cancer that was curatively resected. Although the patient was allowed to eat after surgery, he repeatedly vomited after drinking water or eating meals and required continuous hospitalization. An upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopic examination revealed an obstr...

BACKGROUND Labial fusion is defined as adhesions of the labia minora or majora. Labial fusion may cause urinary retention. Surgical treatment based on an accurate anatomic assessment may be needed, but the usefulness of endoscopic examination for this disease has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 76-year-old Japanese woman undergoing chemoradiation treatment for esophageal cancer was ref...

Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare tumor which has a poor prognosis. Herein, we present a 55-year-old woman who presented with complaints of recurrent vomiting, hematemesis and weight loss. Endoscopic examination showed a large ulcerated mass in the antrum. Microscopic evaluation of the specimen taken through biopsy was compatible with a small round cell tumor. However, definitive histo...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis to duodenum is very rare and only a few case reports are available in the literature. We here reported a patient with solitary duodenal metastasis presented with melena six years after right nephrectomy. The patient underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showing ulcerative mass at the second portion of duodenum and biopsy of this mass was consistent wit...

background and aims: helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is the microorganism that infects nearly half of word's population. there are several invasive and non-invasive methods for diagnosis of infection. the main objective of this study was to evaluate antigen of h. pylori in feces with h. pylori stool antigen (hpsa) test and comparison with rapid urease test (rut) in the patients suspected t...