The development ofChina’s online game industry provides an example of the interaction of new technologies and politics in the commercialization and globalization of China’s cultural economy. The analysis of online games about China’s Resistance War against Japan (1937–1945) highlights the interplay of the state’s political agenda, business interests, and nationalistic sentiments as online games...

battlefield. Some twenty-five hundred years ago, Sun-Tzu taught us that if you knew the enemy and yourself, you would never be in danger in hundreds of battles. Sun-Tzu’s words, “Know your enemy,” mean knowing the enemy leader’s intentions. Sun-Tzu thought that if we knew the enemy's intentions, we could win a victory without war against the enemy. However, it is very difficult to find out the ...

Terrain information supplies an important context for ground operations. The layout of terrain is a determining factor in arraying of forces, both friendly and enemy, and the structuring of Courses of Action (COAs). For example, key terrain, such as a bridge over an unfordable river, or terrain that allows observation of the opposing forces line of advance, is likely to give a big military adva...

Sex education is supposed to provide young people with knowledge and understanding but much of its seems to be moral propaganda with a thin veneer of liberality.

In this study, deterministic and robust optimization models for single artillery unit fire scheduling are developed to minimize the total enemy threat to friendly forces by considering the enemy target threat level, enemy target destruction time, and target firing preparation time simultaneously. Many factors in war environments are uncertain. In particular, it is difficult to evaluate the thre...

Perceiving oneself as having powerful enemies, although superficially disagreeable, may serve an important psychological function. On the basis of E. Becker's (1969) existential theorizing, the authors argue that people attribute exaggerated influence to enemies as a means of compensating for perceptions of reduced control over their environment. In Study 1, individuals dispositionally low in p...

Abstract Of the many accounts of Battle Milvian Bridge in a.d. 312 written soon after conflict, only those Eusebius Caesarea have Maxentius cross Tiber on a bridge boats to face forces Constantine. This detail, it is here argued, suggests that may be seen as latter-day Xerxes, Persian emperor who, preparation for his invasion Greece 480 b.c. , famously spanned Hellespont with pair boat-bridges....

Practical implications Politicians should not underestimate autonomous military processes or the significance of standing orders. In order to continually produce communications within the military, communication partners are needed that stand outside of the hierarchy, and this role can be fulfilled by an enemy. A reflexively imagined enemy can thus reinforce the autopoiesis of the military subs...

The Lengyel–Epstein reaction–diffusion system of the CIMA reaction is revisited. We construct a Lyapunov function to show that the constant equilibrium solution is globally asymptotically stable when the feeding rate of iodide is small. We also show that for small spatial domains, all solutions eventually converge to a spatially homogeneous and timeperiodic solution. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All ri...