A sufficient statistic is a significant concept in statistics, which means a probability variable that has sufficient information required for an inference task. We investigate the roles of sufficient statistics and related quantities in stochastic thermodynamics. Specifically, we prove that for general continuous-time bipartite networks, the existence of a sufficient statistic implies that an ...

simple, cheap and green protocol for effective conversion of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of h14[nap5w30o110] and ammonium nitrate is reported. the products were characterized by ft-ir and comparison of their physical properties with those reported in the literatures. the progress of the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography (tlc) technique. the ali...

The behavior of nanoscale energetic materials is quite different from micronsized energetic materials in many ways. Recently, some techniques such as sol-gel method, high speed air impaction and vacuum codeposition have been employed to obtain nanoscale energetic materials. However, only few attentions were paid to nanoscale energetic materials because of the fabrication difficulty. In this pap...

—Energy gain is thought to play a central role in prey selection by most foragers, but it may conflict with food theft avoidance and be constrained by undeveloped foraging skills. We investigated predation by the Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) on the ecologically important Ochre Sea Star (Pisaster ochraceus). We tested the hypothesis that Pisaster size selection by gulls was based on ...

We used the many-lined sun skink (Mabuya multifasciata) as a model system to evaluate the energetic and locomotor costs of tail loss, and to examine whether tailless skinks compensate for the costs of tail loss by increasing feeding rate or digestive efficiency. We successively removed three tail segments from each of the 20 experimental skinks initially having intact tails. Energy content in e...

Typical man-made locomotive devices use reversible gears, as cranks, for transforming reciprocating motion into directed one. Such gears are holo-nomic and have the transduction efficiency of unity. On the other hand, a typical gear of molecular motors is a ratchet rectifier, which is irreversible. We discuss what properties of rectifier mostly influence the transduction efficiency and show tha...

We study stochastic energetic exchanges in quantumheat engines. Due tomicroreversibility, these obey a fluctuation relation, called the heat enginefluctuation relation, which implies the Carnot bound: nomachine can have an efficiency greater thanCarnot’s efficiency. The stochastic thermodynamics of a quantumheat engine (including the joint statistics of heat andwork and the statistics of effici...

The insertion efficiency of transmembrane (TM) helices by the Sec61 translocon depends on helix amino acid composition, the positions of the amino acids within the helix, and helix length. We have used an in vitro expression system to examine systematically the insertion efficiency of short polyleucine segments (L(n), n = 4 ... 12) flanked at either end by 4-residue sequences of the form XXPX-L...