Extreme climatic events are key factors in initiating gradual or sudden changes in forest ecosystems through the promotion of severe, tree-killing disturbances such as fire, blowdown, and widespread insect outbreaks. In contrast to these climatically-incited disturbances, little is known about the more direct effect of drought on tree mortality, especially in high-elevation forests. Therefore p...

Fertilization at planting with GromaxTM teabags did not affect survival of Douglas-fir, Engelmann spruce or lodgepole pine seedlings. Fertilized seedlings were taller and had larger stem diameters in the second year after planting, but this effect had disappeared by year five. In year nine, the proportion of seedlings that had reached free growing was similar in fertilized and unfertilized trea...

We hypothesized that losartan would help in achieving clinical remission in CED (Camurati Engelmann Disease) patients by blocking TGFB1(transforming growth factor beta 1) with fewer side-effects than steroids. CED characterised by progressive diaphyseal dysplasia is associated with debilitating bone pain in the limbs, muscle weakness, fatiguability and waddling gait [1]. Clinical manifestations...

Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia is a very severe bone dysplasia characterised by massive generalised hyperostosis and sclerosis, especially involving the skull and facial bones. Progressive bony encroachment upon cranial foramina leads to severe neurological impairment in childhood. In 1958, Joseph et all described a child with severe sclerosis of the skull and facial deformity, noted the similarity...

Bone remodelling is a complex mechanism regulated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts perturbation of this process leads to the onset diseases, which may be characterised altered bone erosion or formation. In review, we will describe some formation-related disorders as sclerosteosis, van Buchem disease, hypophosphatasia Camurati–Engelmann disease. past decades, research focused on these rare offered...