Despite areas of synergy, international relations theory has typically considered South and West Asia as analytically distinct. Following the work Barry Buzan, whose on regional security complexes is formative in shaping intellectual debate, Gulf a subregion larger Middle Eastern complex, while regarded its own complex. This article argues that analytical distinction between these different (su...

Almost every polity uses state awards as diplomatic tools. Their global spread, however, cannot be explained by dominant theories of International Relations (which focus on military or economic rationales) practices lack criteria for what constitutes a functionally suitable practice). The success such seemingly non-instrumental tools may better with combination Modern Systems Theory the evoluti...

Abstract Conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and cultural linguistics (CL), which form the chief theoretical anchor for this study, express role of language, culture cognition in construal expression human experiences. The approaches posit that metaphorical use language by an individual or group is shaped their ideological orientation, knowledge natural social world, worldview. This study investig...

Abstract This article studies the work of Moscow-based Syrian academic scholar Taufik Ibragim. Originally a Marxist historian Islamic philosophy and kalām , after end ussr Ibragim became one Russia’s most authoritative scholars also Qurʾān tradition more broadly. Since mid-2000s, has publicly propagated concept “Qurʾānic humanism”, which is meant to demonstrate tolerance humanist character Isla...

The analysis presented in this paper starts from an observation that generally shows pluralist electoral competitions Francophone (French-speaking) black Africa not as frameworks for the expression of political adversity, but rather real moments enmity, disorder and multifaceted conflicts. Indeed, democratic processes initiated by most African States at beginning 1990s did allow desired liberal...

This paper evaluates the cause of enmity and animosity displayed by pupils to their teachers through hatred schooling in myriad public educational institutions South Africa. The was motivated diverse discourses about pupil-animosity, most which were based on perspective parents as members society. is conceptual empirical within qualitative research paradigm. question guiding this is: what exten...

In Brazil, the looming threat of mass extinction has prompted increasingly exceptional measures to protect sensitive biomes. At same time, such threaten curtail capitalist expansion and thus Brazil's neoliberal model economic development. Jair Bolsonaro's 2018 presidential campaign responded these threats by fueling anti-environment sentiments anti-environmentalist enmity. Once inaugurated, he ...

When we know and recognize one another, our souls join with those of others. This is called ta’aruf in the parlance of the Qur’an. Ta’aruf increases love and unity, as it decreases violence and enmity. Knowing one another occurs in several ways. One way to know others is to love the same thing that they do. This means that several people will love a similar spiritual being. Fr...

The making of legal subjects has long been a crucial terrain for critical theory, also in relation to international law, where both emancipatory promises and expressions power or discipline are tied how recognized enacted. International law's modes subject-making have therefore an important site aspiration, struggle, critique. While some celebrated the rise individual on stage liberal ideal pol...

Abstract The German political center is often viewed as democratic and moderate, untouched by right-wing outsiders. Evident terrorism was treated a peripheral phenomenon. In 2015, the peak of refugee movement constituted challenge for that vividly discussed in media. Expressions such “refugee wave” or “crisis” dominated public discussion. These expressions could spur on Othering processes becau...