The present paper describes the designing of a thermally and economically optimum mechanical draft counter-flow wet cooling tower. The design model allows the use of a variety of packing materials in the cooling tower toward optimizing heat transfer. Once the optimum packing type is chosen, a compact cooling tower with low fan power consumption is modelled within the known design variables....

Introduction: Ambient temperature is considered as a factor affecting on the body's metabolism, So that increase or decrease ambient temperature to the range thermoneutral zone (TNZ) (This temperature is 20.3°C to 23°C for covered people) lead to body metabolic changes, and maybe effective on the increase or reduce the prevalence of obesity. Our aim of this study was to review ...

Leaf gas exchange characteristics of a desert annual (Triticum kotschyi [Boiss.] Bowden) and the wheat cultivar TAM W-101 (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) were compared over a range of leaf water potentials from -0.50 to -2.9 megapascals. At an ambient [CO(2)] of 330 microliters per liter, T. kotschyi had higher conductance and CO(2) assimilation (A) at a given water potential than T. aestivum. ...

Fluoride concentrations in drinking water were analyzed relative to air temperature data collected in different provinces of Iran. Determining suitable concentrations of fluoride in drinking water is crucial for communities because of the health effects of fluoride on humans. This study analyzed fluoride concentrations in drinking water from selected Iranian provinces. The data were derived mai...

Community ecology has long focused on energy and nutrients as currencies of species interactions. Evidence from physiological ecology and recent studies suggest that in terrestrial systems, water may influence animal behavior and global patterns of species richness. Despite these observations, water has received little attention as a currency directly influencing animal species interactions. He...

To examine how repeated cooling of fingers with a rest pause schedule at work affects cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD), pain and cold sensation in fingers, six healthy men aged 21 to 23 years immersed their left index fingers six times in stirred water at 10 degrees C for 10 minutes. After each cold-water immersion of the fingers, 5-minute rest pause was taken to observe the recovery process ...

in this study salix aegyptica hydrolat based carbonated drinks were formulated. differents ratio of salix aegyptica hydrolat (egyption willow water) mixed with carbonated water, citric acid and sugar to adjust the final drink to 10-12 brix and desirable acidity. sensory properties of the products were evaluated at a ranking test by a trained panelists for choosing the best formulation. evaluati...

There is an increasing demand for air-dry performance of fluorocarbon finished materials. Thus, dyeing with different types of reactive, mono, bi, and multi-functional, dyes was evaluated as a novel treatment to create correct surface interface to maintain fluorocarbon performance without ironing or tumble drying. The effects of pre-treatment on fluorocarbon finishing of cotton fabric, a cellul...