The role of environmental management within projects is playing a more and more essential part to the firms and public. Because of the benefit of implementing environmental management, different methods are being used to improve environmental management in projects especially in industry. However, the application of these methods leads to an increase in labor use, materials costs and other cost...

In this paper we are concerned with modelling techniques for evaluating development and conservation opportunities when dealing with investment decisions involving environmental resources management. In this context, highly characterized by both environmental and economic uncertainty, we emphasize the importance of capturing the flexibility of different investment strategies. In particular, we ...

Several policy alternatives exist to protect environmental quality. Environmental nonprofits advocating for better environmental quality must often choose what policies to advocate and support. This article argues that environmental nonprofits will do best by designing strategies of advocacy contingent on the net costs to the stakeholders and paying attention to the crowding-out effects of mone...

Expenditures for environmental protection in the U.S. are estimated to exceed $150 billion annually or about 2% of GDP. This estimate, based on largely self-reported information, is often cited as an assessment of the burden of current regulatory efforts and a standard against which the associated benefits are measured. Little is known, however, about how well reported expenditures relate to tr...

This paper estimates the social costs of job loss due to environmental regulation. Per job lost, potential social costs of job loss are high, plausibly over $100,000 in present value costs (2012 dollars) per permanently lost job. However, these social costs will typically be far less than the earnings associated with lost jobs, because labor markets and workers adjust, increased leisure has som...

The high environmental costs of raising livestock are now widely appreciated, yet consumption of animal-based food items continues and is expanding throughout the world. Consumers’ ability to distinguish among, and rank, various interchangeable animal-based items is crucial to reducing environmental costs of diets. However, the individual environmental burdens exerted by the five dominant lives...

Each of three case study companies volunteered generous amounts of information to this report as well as considerable hours for in-depth reviews. At Commonwealth Edison, Tom Tramm led the effort to provide detailed insights into the company's life cycle costing practices. At Andersen Corporation, Dale Olson provided technical contributions and coordinated the Andersen in-house reviews. Thanks a...

Brazil's Tucuruí Dam provides valuable lessons for improving decision-making on major public works in Amazonia and elsewhere. Together with social impacts, which were reviewed in a companion paper, the project's environmental costs are substantial. Monetary costs include costs of construction and maintenance and opportunity costs of natural resources (such as timber) and of the money invested b...

Most empirical evidence indicates that the costs of environmental regulation represent a minor fraction of total production costs. This finding is at odds with the assumption of stringent environmental regulation of both propo-nents and opponents of the 'Porter Hypothesis'. A possible explanation may be provided by examining the nego-tiation of environmental regulation in a 'political market'. ...