Over the years, estimates have been made of the portions of human mortality and morbidity that can be attributed to environmental factors. Frustratingly, however, even for a single category of disease such as cancer, these estimates have often varied widely. Here we attempt to explain why such efforts have come to such different results in the past and to provide guidance for doing such estimat...

qPCR concentrations decline with increasing time away from work among industrial hog operation workers Christopher Heaney, MS, PhD; Nora Pisanic, PhD; Maya Nadimpalli, MS; Jessica Rinsky; David Love PhD; Keeve Nachman, PhD; Trish M. Perl, MD, MSc, FIDSA, FSHEA; Steve Wing, PhD; Jill Stewart, PhD; Epidemiology and Environmental Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimor...

Applications of epidemiologic concepts and methods to health services problems constitute extensions of other successful applications to health and disease problems in populations. Because population medicine is as important as individual medicine for improving and maintaining the health of communities, epidemiology should be regarded as a fundamental science of medicine. Clinical medicine, lab...

The watershed provides a physical basis for establishing linkages between aquatic contaminants, environmental health and human health. Current attempts to establish such linkages are limited by environmental and epidemiological constraints. Environmental limitations include difficulties in characterizing the temporal and spatial dynamics of agricultural runoff, in fully understanding the degrad...

Rising multiple sclerosis incidence over the last 50 years and geographic patterns of occurrence suggest an environmental role in the causation of this multifactorial disease. Design options for epidemiological studies of environmental causes of multiple sclerosis are limited by the low incidence of the disease, possible diagnostic delay and budgetary constraints. We describe scientific and met...

The assessment of adverse health effects from environmental hazards involves integration of evidence from a variety of sources, including experimental studies, both in animals and humans, in vitro studies, and epidemiological research. It requires an understanding of the sources, nature and levels of exposure to which humans may be subjected, the nature of the health outcome or toxic effect and...

The purpose of this research was to identify the variables that increase concern about the health, environmental contamination, and economic consequences of toxic substances in the environment. A mail survey was sent to a New York State sample, and a 66% response was obtained. Seven indices were developed from specific concerns about toxic substances in the environment including, among others, ...

Dept of Epidemiology & Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Ctr for Human Genomics, Depts of Internal Medicine & Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, J. Paul Sticht Ctr on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem; National Inst of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC; New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY; 4 Depts of Environmental & Occupatio...

1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. 2 Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. 3 Department of Preventive Medicine/Biostatistics and Medical Decision Making, Field of Social Life Science, Program in Health and ...

T he European Respiratory Society (ERS) has contributed, since its foundation in 1990, to epidemiology and occupational health through the Occupation and Epidemiology Assembly (Assembly 6) with three Groups: Epidemiology; Occupational and Environmental Health; and Tobacco, Smoking Control and Health Education. These groups have been working on the development of respiratory epidemiology and the...