Payments for ecosystem services (PES) policies compensate individuals or communities for undertaking actions that increase the provision of ecosystem services such as water purification, flood mitigation, or carbon sequestration. PES schemes rely on incentives to induce behavioral change and can thus be considered part of the broader class of incentive- or market-based mechanisms for environmen...

Epidemic cholera caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 is a major health problem in several developing countries. Traditional methods for identifying V. cholerae involve cultural, biochemical and immunological assays which are cumbersome and often take several days to complete. In the present study, a direct cell multiplex PCR was developed targeting the ompW, ctxB and rfbO1 genes for confirma...

Abstract Failure in Environmental flow quantity, timing, and quality leads to failure support ecosystems, human livelihoods, well-being. Irrigation water use is one of the main actors impacting rivers quantity time but was not well investigated many ungauged catchments under smallholder irrigation systems. This study examined impact on environmental Arata's small catchment. The estimated sub-ca...

in this paper, we introduce environmental systems engineering (ese) and describe some of its applications combined with process systems engineering (pse) to problems related to environmental systems. these systems—the water cycle and ecosystem cycles—are complex and highly dynamic, with an uncertainty level comparable to that of chemical systems. to illustrate the challenges of applying pse to...

The success of the Green Revolution in Punjab, India, is threatened by a significant decline in water resources. Punjab, a major agricultural supplier for the rest of India, supports irrigation with a canal system and groundwater, which is vastly overexploited. The detailed data required to estimate future impacts on water supplies or develop sustainable water management practices is not readil...

The agricultural regions are running into difficulties, which are restrictive availability of water, successive appearing draughts, and overuse of ground water resources for supplemental water requirements. As a sample which is got from the farm is sent to the laboratory for testing and the laboratory works need devices. Hence, conducting farm experiments are expensive and time consuming to opt...

in order to evaluate the effect of water deficit and different fertilizer levels on yield and some agro-morphological characteristics of moldavian balm, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of shahrekord university during 2013-2014 growing season. main factor was three levels of irrigation regimes including: 100...

a randomized complete block design with four replications and a split plot arrangement was conducted in 2010, in order to study the effect of limited irrigation on yield and yield component of sweet corn. water levels were (100%, 80%, and 60% replacement of plant water requirement) which served as main plots. subplot was a factorial arrangement of three different sweet corn varieties (merit, ob...