The feasibility of the combination of fungal with mild acid pretreatments of Glycyrrhiza uralensis residue (GUR) for enzymatic hydrolysis and oil production was studied. Combined pretreatment with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and 2.5% sulfuric acid was shown to be more effective than the acid-only pretreatment. Subsequently, the residue obtained from acid hydrolysis was subjected to enzymatic hy...

HIGHLIGHTS C. cubensis-P. pinophilum enzyme blend resulted in high levels of synergy Mild hydrothermal pretreatment reduced the hemicellulases requirement hydrolysis The best results were obtained by enzymatic H60-SCB saccharification

This article reviews developments in the technology for ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials by “enzymatic” processes. Several methods of pretreatment of lignocelluloses are discussed, where the crystalline structure of lignocelluloses is opened up, making them more accessible to the cellulase enzymes. The characteristics of these enzymes and important factors in enzymatic hydrolys...

................................................................................................................................... iii List of publications .................................................................................................................. iv List of publications not included in this thesis ....................................................................... v...

the enzymatic hydrolysis of meso-1,7-diacetoxy-2,6-dimethylheptane 5, prepared from 2,6-dimethylhepta-1,6-diene 6, gave the (2s,6r)-7-acetoxy-2,6-dimethyl-1-heptanol 1, which was transformed to the (2r,6r)-2,6,10-trimethyl-1-undecanol 7. in this manner, the c14 side chain of a-tocopherol was synthesized from 2,6-dimethylhepta-1,6-diene 6 in only 5 steps.