(VEE) occurred in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas in 1993 and Oaxaca in 1996. To assess the impact of continuing circulation of VEE virus (VEEV) on human and animal populations, serologic and viral isolation studies were conducted in 2000 to 2001 in Chiapas State. Human serosurveys and risk analyses indicated that long-term endemic transmission of VEEV occurred among villages with seropr...

Equine epizootics of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) occurred in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas in 1993 and Oaxaca in 1996. To assess the impact of continuing circulation of VEE virus (VEEV) on human and animal populations, serologic and viral isolation studies were conducted in 2000 to 2001 in Chiapas State. Human serosurveys and risk analyses indicated that long-term endemic tran...

A novel method is presented for online estimation of the junction temperature (Tj) of semiconductor chips in IGBT modules, based on the voltage drop (VEE’) across the parasitic inductor that exists between the main emitter (E) and auxiliary emitter (E’) terminals. The peak amplitude of the voltage drop (VEE’) was found to depend on the junction temperature at a known current and DC link voltage...

Purified and concentrated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus derived from tissue cultures, rendered noninfectious by ionizing radiation with retention of in vitro serological activity, also retained a high level of immunogenicity. In mice, fluid vaccines afforded excellent protection against lethal challenge with homologous Trinidad strain VEE virus. A direct relationship was observed b...

Various new technologies have been applied for developing vaccines against various animal diseases. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine technology was used for manufacturing the porcine circovirus type 2 and RNA particle vaccines based on an alphavirus vector for porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Although VLP is classified as a killed-virus vaccine, because its structure is similar to the original...

Adhering to an exercise program is a challenge for everybody who wants to build a healthier body and lifestyle through physical exercise. We have developed an Virtual Exercise Environment (VEE) that augments stationary exercise equipment with virtual reality techniques to make exercising more enjoyable. Our VEE system consists of a recording system to capture video, distance and incline data ab...

Let \(A_{0},A_{1},...,A_{n}\) be (possibly) distintict wffs, \(n\) being an odd number equal to or greater than 1. Intuitionistic Propositional Logic IPC plus the axiom \((A_{0}\rightarrow A_{1})\vee ...\vee (A_{n-1}\rightarrow A_{n})\vee (A_{n}\rightarrow A_{0})\) is equivalent Gödel-Dummett logic LC. However, if even 2, said a sublogic of

In 1993 and 1996, subtype IE Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus caused epizootics in the Mexican states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. Previously, only subtype IAB and IC VEE virus strains had been associated with major outbreaks of equine and human disease. The IAB and IC epizootics are believed to emerge via adaptation of enzootic (sylvatic, equine-avirulent) strains for high titer equine vir...

Equine-virulent, epidemic/epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus (VEEV) arise via mutation of progenitor enzootic strains that replicate poorly in equines. Sequencing studies have implicated positively charged amino acids on the surface of the E2 envelope glycoprotein in the acquisition of equine virulence and viremia potential, suggesting that changes in binding to cel...

The Central American equine epizootic and epidemic of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) that began in June 1969 near the Guatemala-El Salvador border has been welldocumented (1-S). That outbreak spread southeast, reaching Guanacaste, Costa Rica, by 1970, and north, reaching southern Texas in 1971. The last known cases of equine infection by the exotic equine-virulent subtype I-AB strain of V...