Currently, x-ray crystallography is the primary experimental tool employed to understand how proteins fold and assemble into well-defined structures. These diffraction methods critically depend the ability to produce high-purity crystal samples, but conventional crystallization processes are inherently slow and challenging to control. Here we explore a fundamentally different electrokinetically...

In this paper, we review recent experimental studies on single-phase and multiphase flows in microchannels. Brief overviews of physical phenomena of fluid flow in microchannels, and measurement techniques mainly in conjunction with the flow visualization, are given. Regarding the studies of single-phase flows, the current state-of-the-art of electrokinetics and optofluidics is outlined. Then th...

We present here a study on overlooked aspects of alternating current (AC) electrokinetics-AC electrophoretic (ACEP) phenomena. The dynamics of a particle with both polarizability and net charges in a non-uniform AC electric trapping field is investigated. It is found that either electrophoretic (EP) or dielectrophoretic (DEP) effects can dominate the trapping dynamics, depending on experimental...

We present a sharp-interface model of two-dimensional ramified growth during quasisteady electrodeposition. Our model differs from previous modeling methods in that it includes the important effects of extended space-charge regions and nonlinear electrode reactions. The electrokinetics is described by a continuum model, but the discrete nature of the ions is taken into account by adding a rando...

This article presents recent patents and advances on electrical methods for particle manipulation in a microfluidic environment. At microscale, electric fields have unique advantages in performing analytical functions such as manipulation of biological molecules and cells. The advent of AC electrokinetics in recent years further promotes the development of laboratory on a chip, providing versat...

The surface charge of a water interface determines many fundamental processes in physical chemistry and science, it has been intensively studied for over hundred years. We summarize experimental methods to characterize the densities developed so far: electrokinetics, double-layer force measurements, potentiometric titration, surface-sensitive nonlinear spectroscopy, mass spectrometry. Then, we ...

The development of theories for the electrohydrodynamics at soft surfaces enabled major progress in quantitative interpretation streaming current and surface conductivity data collected polymer brushes. In this paper, we review basics methodology discuss illustrative examples practical interest. particular, demonstrate how combination self-consistent field electrokinetic using Poisson–Boltzmann...

We discuss how the wettability of solid walls impacts electrokinetic phenomena, from large systems down to a nanoscale. show in particular could hydrophobic slippage, coupled confinement effects, be exploited induce novel properties, such as salt-dependent giant amplification zeta potential and conductivity, much more efficient energy conversion. However, impact slippage is dramatically reduced...