Potato genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) were expressed in response to pathogen, elicitor, and wounding. HMGR catalyzes the rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis leading to accumulation of phytoalexins and steroid glycoalkaloids. Wounding caused increases in HMGR mRNA levels. A rapid and transient peak occurred 30 minutes after wounding, followed by a...

The plant-pathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora causes plant disease mainly through a number of extracellular plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes. In this study, the ability of an rpoS mutant of the Er. carotovora subsp. carotovora strain SCC3193 to infect plants and withstand environmental stress was characterized. This mutant was found to be sensitive to osmotic and oxidativ...

The production of virulence factors and carbapenem antibiotic in the phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora is under the control of quorum sensing. The quorum-sensing signaling molecule, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHHL), accumulates in log-phase culture supernatants of E. carotovora but diminishes in concentration during the stationary phase. In this study, we show that the diminution in...

Penicitroamide (1), a new metabolite with a new framework, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) medium of Penicillium sp. (NO. 24). The endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. (NO. 24) was obtained from the healthy leaves of Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. The structure of penicitroamide (1) features a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane core unit with a high degree of carbonylizat...

38/2004 Martin Bonke The Roles of WOL and APL in Phloem Development in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots 1/2005 Timo Takala Nisin Immunity and Food-Grade Transformation in Lactic Acid Bacteria 2/2005 Anna von Bonsdorff-Nikander Studies on a Cholesterol-Lowering Microcrystalline Phytosterol Suspension in Oil 3/2005 Nina Katajavuori Vangittu tieto vapaaksi— Asiantuntijuus ja sen kehittyminen farmasiassa...

Endopolygalacturonic acid lyase, purified from the phytopathogenic bacterium, Erwinia carotovora , induces phytoalexin accumulation in soybean ( Glycine max L .) cotyledons. This pectin-degrading enzyme releases heat-stable elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation from soybean cell walls, citrus pectin, and citrus sodium polypectate. The most elicitor-active m olecules ob­ tained by treating soybe...

Virulent infections are expected to impair learning ability, either as a direct consequence of stressed physiological state or as an adaptive response that minimizes diversion of energy from immune defense. This prediction has been well supported for mammals and bees. Here, we report an opposite result in Drosophila melanogaster. Using an odor-mechanical shock conditioning paradigm, we found th...