Increased participation in outdoor activities and an epidemic of homelessness have caused the incidence of cold injuries in the civilian population of Turkey to rise dramatically during the past 20 years. Knowledge of treatment is crucial for emergency physicians in rural and urban areas. Recent developments have significantly advanced the understanding of the pathophysiology of hypothermic and...

Natural-gas pipeline accidents mostly result in major damage even to buildings located far away. Therefore, proper safety distances should be observed in land use planning to ensure target safety levels for both existing and new buildings. In this paper, a quantitative risk assessment procedure is presented for the estimation of the annual probability of direct structural damage to reinforced c...

The electroma.gnetic, noncontact transducer (EMAT) is particularly well suited to ultrasonic inspec~ tion problems where it is difficult or impossible to couple the sound into the object being tested ~ through a liquid or grease layer. For inspecting buried natural gas pipelines, the inspection process must be carried out by a self contained instrument package blown through the pipe by the gas ...

from the perspective of theorists of international relations including functionalists and regionalists, establishment of cooperation and economic, commercial and transportation relations is among the suitable methods for fostering integration in international relations and deepening friendship, peace and stability particularly among regional countries. considering this fact, the authors believe...

This paper presents a feasibility study of evolutionary scheduling for gas pipeline operations. The problem is complex because of several constraints that must be taken into consideration during the optimization process. The objective of gas pipeline operations is to transfer sufficient gas from gas stations to consumers so as to satisfy customer demand with minimum costs. The scheduling involv...

Oil and gas pipelines are the infrastructure of national economic development. Deployment problem of wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) for oil and gas pipeline systems is a fundamental problem. This paper firstly analyzed the wireless channel characteristics and energy consumption model in near-surface underground soil, and then studied the spatial structure of oil and gas pipelines a...