We propose an approach to correcting spelling errors and assigning part-of-speech (POS) tags simultaneously for sentences written by learners of English as a second language (ESL). In ESL writing, there are several types of errors such as preposition, determiner, verb, noun, and spelling errors. Spelling errors often interfere with POS tagging and syntactic parsing, which makes other error dete...

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is a physiological response for maintaining homeostasis. The aim of this study is to investigate effects of Elephantopus scaber L.- (ESL-) induced liver regeneration on growth factors (HGF and IGF-1), cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis suppressed. In this study, we fed five Chinese medicinal herbs (1 g/kg/day), Codonopsis pilosula (CP, Dangsh...

INTRODUCTION Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) and an analogue to carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC). In this study, we evaluate initial therapeutic response to ESL and events in the change from CBZ and OXC. METHODS We evaluated 61 patients with a broad spectrum of drug-resistant epilepsies in a cross-sectional study. The switch from CBZ and OXC to ESL w...

OBJECTIVES According to recent census data, 1,216,600 Canadians are of Chinese descent, and over 80% of Chinese Canadians are foreign born. Approximately 10% of Chinese immigrants are chronic carriers of hepatitis B, compared with less than 0.5% of the general population. English as a second language (ESL) classes provide ready access for individuals with limited English proficiency who are not...

OBJECTIVES Contextual factors, as measured by neighbourhood characteristics, shape the experiences children have and affect their "school readiness", i.e., whether they are well or poorly prepared for the transition from home to kindergarten. This study assessed the independent effects of individual and neighbourhood factors on school readiness; specifically, it examined whether and to what deg...

Several experiments explored the contribution of visual information (lip movements) to spoken word identification by Japanese and Korean learners of English as a second language (ESL) and native speakers (NSs) of English, and its interaction with sentence context, phonetic environment and, for ESL learners, perceptual training (involving /m,l,p,f,},s/) using

A healthy kidney produces final urine that is practically devoid of proteins and other physiologically important solutes. Tremendous amounts of fluid are filtered every day through the glomerular filtration barrier which is the actual sieving site in the kidney. Failure of the filtering function leads to proteinuria, which is a feature common to nearly all kidney disease. In spite of this pivot...

BACKGROUND The endothelial surface layer (ESL) regulates vascular permeability to maintain fluid homeostasis. The glycocalyx (GCX), which has a complex and fragile ultrastructure, is an important component of the ESL. Abnormalities of the GCX have been hypothesized to trigger pathological hyperpermeability. Here, we report an integrated in vivo analysis of the morphological and functional prope...

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and E-selectin ligand-1 (ESL-1) are the two major selectin ligands on mouse neutrophils. Transfection experiments demonstrate that each ligand requires alpha1,3-fucosylation for selectin-binding. However, the relative contributions made by the two known myeloid alpha1, 3-fucosyltransferases Fuc-TVII or Fuc-TIV to this alpha1, 3-fucosylation are not yet ...