Majority of world population live in poverty and struggle to fulfil the most basic needs like health, education, access water sanitation. Past studies indicate resources deprivation among residents informal settlements. In Africa, 43% individuals are living destitution urban territories a proportion which compares with 59% people rural areas. Due high rate traders settlements unable financial s...

Inadequate urban sanitation disproportionately impacts the social determinants of women's health in informal settlements or slums. The impacts on women's health include infectious and chronic illnesses, violence, food contamination and malnutrition, economic and educational attainment, and indignity. We used household survey data to report on self-rated health and sociodemographic, housing, and...

Detecting informal settlements might be one of the most challenging tasks within urban remote sensing. This phenomenon occurs mostly in developing countries. In order to carry out the urban planning and development tasks necessary to improve living conditions for the poorest world-wide, an adequate spatial data basis is needed (see Mason, O. S. & Fraser, C. S., 1998). This can only be obtained ...

Throughout Africa, the population in urban areas is increasing rapidly beyond the capacity and the resources of the cities to accommodate the people. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the majority of urban dwellers live in informal settlements served by inadequate sanitation facilities. These areas present unique challenges to the provision of sanitation, and there is inadequate information on access to i...

BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major global health challenges in developed countries and are rapidly increasing globally. Perception of self-efficacy is important for complex activities and long-term changes in health behavior. This study aimed to determine whether self-efficacy mediates the effect of individual beliefs (perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits an...

BACKGROUND The paediatric full blood count and lymphocyte subset reference intervals used by the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), South Africa (SA), are taken from two international reference interval publications. Differences in reference intervals suggest that international data sets may not be appropriate for use in SA. OBJECTIVE To study immunohaematological values of a group of...

While the relationships between social networks and health are widely acknowledged in literature, few of these studies have covered population refugees living makeshift camps. In our analysis a nationally representative Italian survey individuals informal settlements, we find that many had weak family relations: only 10 per cent one or more members their settlement. The paper analyses effects i...