the purpose of this paper is to apply ibn-khaldun’s dialectic of asabiyya to explain the nature of relationship between war and the world order in the modern era via ‘macro structural change’. it is argued here that these changes in the world order in the modern times have a dialectical relationship with war. here, ibn-khaldun’s approach to historical change is applied for the explication of th...

Missile injuries of the kidney are rare even in wartime. Of 4500 patients admitted to the Ghaem Medical Center in the first two years of the Iran-Iraq war, only 96 had injuries of the genitourinary tract (2.1 %) and only 35 involved the kidney usually with multiple injuries to other viscera. The mortality for those with urogenital injuries was 8.3% (compared with World War I, 60% and World...

The early history of psychotherapy in the Netherlands hardly differs from that of the surrounding countries. Somewhat later than in France and Germany, psychotherapy appeared during the last decades of the nineteenth century, with general practitioners who started to treat their patients (mainly for all kinds of somatic complaints) by psychological means. In the early decades of the twentieth c...

What does it mean to communicate and how “best” can this action be accomplished? Perhaps the second part of this question, rather than the first, describes the history of approaches to ideas of communication and their practices. The first “official” textbook providing a window on this history reveals a remarkable consensus on what “communication” and related terms should mean, if not directly i...

The Great War was the beginning of the settlement of the Russian population in the town of Bjelovar in war conditions, most often as prisoners of war directed to the treatment of the military or civilian hospital. Thus, in Bjelovar during the Great War died 71 members of the Russian people, principally the soldiers, prisoners. Some were later permanently inhabited, founded by his family and wor...

World War I irrevocably changed the face of the world, including Croatia and its capital Zagreb. While between 1880 and 1910 Zagreb became a modern European city, World War I (1914-1918) was marked by new municipal regulations that overturned the everyday life of the city. Social conditions reached catastrophic proportions, especially in the later years of the war. Soldiers and refugees swarmed...

in regional level, iran-iraq war had a great impact on neighboring states' foreign policy approach, especially on gulf arab states. these states adopted a new approach in their relations with iran and iraq considering the ideological and revolutionary threat of iran. after iraqi invasion against iran, gulf arab states affected by nationalism movement, sported iraq extensively. their policy...