BACKGROUND 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) can be used as a liquid fuel additive to replace petroleum oil, and as an important platform chemical in the pharmaceutical and plastic industries. Microbial production of 2,3-BD by Bacillus licheniformis presents potential advantages due to its GRAS status, but previous attempts to use this microorganism as a chassis strain resulted in the production of a mix...

A liposome system that can detect and detoxify mercury in aqueous solution is demonstrated. The system consists of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and 20% PEG-PE (PEG MW 2000 Da) that forms liposome, which encapsulates self-quenching fluorescein for detection, and chelating agent meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (meso-DMSA) for chelating detoxification through Hg(2+)-responsive re...

Acid-catalysed, '3+3' condensation of m-bispyrryl benzene derivatives with acetone afforded new non-aromatic macrocycles that can be converted to meso-alkylidenyl dibenzohexaphyrins carrying four exocyclic double bonds at meso-positions by DDQ oxidation.

The meso/micro layered manufacturing technologies have significant implications for the design and fabrication of complex miniature structures. A laser-based additive/subtractive Rapid Manufacturing system is thus developed to build meso/micro structures. By incorporating laser microdeposition and micromachining with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser that has four harmonic wavelengths, this manufacturing s...

The transport of scalar quantities passively advected by velocity fields with a smallscale component can be modeled at meso-scale level by means of an effective drift and an effective diffusivity, which can be determined by means of multiple-scale techniques. We show that the presence of a weak large-scale flow induces interesting effects on the meso-scale scalar transport. In particular, it gi...

The title complex, [Ni(C(24)H(32)N(4))](C(14)H(14)O(2)PS(2))(2), comprises a centrosymmetric [Ni(meso-diphen-yl[14]dien)](2+) dication (meso-diphen-yl[14]dien is C-meso-N-meso-5,12-dimethyl-7,14-diphenyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-4,11-diene) and two O,O'-bis-(4-methyl-phen-yl) dithio-phosphate anions. The Ni(II) ion lies on an inversion center and is chelated by a tetra-amine macrocyc...

Understanding and controlling electron transport through functional molecules are of primary importance to the development of molecular scale devices. In this work, the single molecule resistances of meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged (porphinato)zinc(II) structures (PZn(n) compounds), connected to gold electrodes via (4'-thiophenyl)ethynyl termini, are determined using scanning tunneling microscopy-b...

Understanding and controlling electron transport through functional molecules are of primary importance to the development of molecular scale devices. In this work, the single molecule resistances of meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged (porphinato)zinc(II) structures (PZnn compounds), connected to gold electrodes via (4′-thiophenyl)ethynyl termini, are determined using scanning tunneling microscopy-bas...

The equilibrium exchange of hydrogen between the 2,3methylene positions of succinate and water was studied under aerobic conditions with specifically tritiated and deuterated succinates and soluble succinic dehydrogenase prepared by the method of Singer from bovine heart. The exchange of tritium from racemic 2-tritiosuccinate (racemic-T1), racemic 2,3-ditritiosuccinate (racemic-T?), and meso-2,...