This article describes Ethernet passive optical networks, an emerging local subscriber access architecture that combines low-cost point-to-multipoint fiber infrastructure with Ethernet. EPONs are designed to carry Ethernet frames at standard Ethernet rates. An EPON uses a single trunk fiber that extends from a central office to a passive optical splitter, which then fans out to multiple optical...

Because of economic and environmental reasons, reducing the energy consumption of IT equipment and other devices connected to the Internet has become a major issue. Most IT equipment is left powered-on 24/7 to provide full and fast connectivity to users. As of 2000, there were approximately 95,000 Ethernet switches deployed in the U.S. alone consuming approximately 3.2 Terawatt hours of electri...

100base-T Ethernet is used to connect the major control system components (VME crates, PLCs and operator workstations) with each other. VME crates and PLCs are connected to a pair of 24-port Ethernet switches, which will become part of an isolated Ethernet segment once an upcoming network upgrade is completed. Primary operator workstations will also be connected to this segment, and routers ins...

Fast Ethernet (100Base-TX) can provide a low-cost alternative to more esoteric network technologies for high-performance cluster computing. We use a network architecture based on the U-Net approach to implement low-latency and high-bandwidth communication over Fast Ethernet, with performance rivaling (and in some cases exceeding) that of 155 Mbps ATM. U-Net provides protected, user-level access...

This paper gives an overview of the Carrier Ethernet technology with specific focus on resilience. In particular, we show how multicast traffic, which is essential for IPTV can be protected. We detail the background for resilience mechanisms and their control and we present Carrier Ethernet resilience methods for linear and ring networks. By simulation we show that the availability of a multica...

Industrial Ethernet offers lower cost, higher performance, and superior interoperability over traditional industrial field bus solutions. Many variations of Ethernet technology have been developed to address the various cycle time requirements of industrial applications. As a result, industrial customers must support a myriad of evolving Industrial Ethernet (IE) standards. Today, each new proto...

This paper proposes a solution for extending the availability of transparent high-speed Ethernet by re-using the existing T1/E1 TDM network. By employing inverse multiplexing technology with support for jumbo Ethernet frames, service providers can use bonded T1/E1 circuits to transparently backhaul Ethernet from remote cell sites and IPDSLAMs. This paper covers the rationale, protocols and key ...

Using high bandwidth network technologies in real-time applications, for example in automotive systems, is rapidly increasing. In this context, switched Ethernet-based protocols are becoming more popular due to their features such as providing a collision-free domain for transmission of messages. Moreover, switched Ethernet is a mature technology. Several protocols based on switched Ethernet ha...

Ethernet networks have undergone impressive growth since the past few decades. This growth can be appreciated in terms of the equipment, such as switches and links, that have been added, as well as in the number of users that it supports. In parallel to this expansion, over the past decade the networking research community has shown a growing interest in discovering and analyzing the Ethernet t...

Ethernet has become the de facto layer 2 transmission technology, partly due to ease of use and cost efficiency. The cores of most data centers around the world are based on Ethernet, and large access and core networks are built without IP routing. The inherent simplicity of Ethernet has several drawbacks, including the overhead of network-wide broadcasting and the use of the spanning tree prot...