BACKGROUND Mental health literacy has received great attention recently to improve mental health knowledge, decrease stigma and enhance help-seeking behaviors. We conducted a systematic review to critically appraise the qualities of studies evaluating the measurement properties of mental health knowledge tools and the quality of included measurement properties. METHODS We searched PubMed, Psy...

xperiments E show significant demobilizing and alienating effects of negative advertising. Although internally valid, experiments may have limited external validity. Aggregate and survey data offer two ways of providing external validation for experiments. We show that survey recall measures of advertising exposure suffer from problems of internal validity due to simultaneity and measurement er...

In the development of distance learning, advances in cognitive science merge with new technology to deliver instruction worldwide. However, one major difficulty in evaluating the efficacy of these tools is determining which elements of instruction truly lead to observed changes in student performance. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review current use of various research methods for eva...

Cognitive Science research is hard to conduct, because researchers must take phenomena from the world and turn them into laboratory tasks for which a reasonable level of experimental control can be achieved. Consequently, research necessarily makes tradeoffs between internal validity (experimental control) and external validity (the degree to which a task represents behavior outside of the lab)...

conclusions this study provided evidence regarding the reliability and validity of the iranian male adolescent outcome expectation about leisure time physical activity (imao-pac) and illustrated that this new questionnaire can be used to measure the perceived exercise benefits among target group in observational and interventional studies. background outcome expectation (oe) is known as a psych...

The Strength of Motivation for Medical School (SMMS) questionnaire is designed to determine the strength of motivation of students particularly for medical study. This research was performed to establish the validity evidence for measuring strength of motivation for medical school. Internal structure and relations to other variables were used as the sources of validity evidence. The SMMS questi...

the main purpose of this paper is analyses the short and long run relationship between budget deficit and trade deficit in some mena countries. the data cover the period from 1971-2000 (and for i.r. iran 1 959-2003).the relationship between these variables will be analyses in short and long run by using johansen cointegration tests, ecm, and granger causality test. the empirical evidence provid...

OBJECTIVE To (a) identify post-concussion symptom scales appropriate for children and adolescents in sports; (b) review evidence for reliability and validity; and (c) recommend future directions for scale development. DESIGN Quantitative and qualitative literature review of symptom rating scales appropriate for children and adolescents aged 5 to 22 years. INTERVENTION Literature identified ...

DOCUMENT RESUME TM 017 260 Kane, Michael T. Generalizing Criterion-Related Validity Evidence for Certification Requirements across Situations and Specialty Areas. American Coll. Testing Program, Iowa City, Iowa. ACT-RR-90-3 May 90 26p. ACT Research %eport Series, P.O. Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243. Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. *Certification; Comparative Analysis;...