Environmental impact assessment of liquid rocket motor exhaust obtained due to mainly liquid propellant combustion have been highlighted. Exhaust product analysis has been carried out theoretically by computer software NASA CEC -71 to identify toxic emissions of rocket combustion. In the present study a high volume Air Samplers (APM-430) was deployed at predetermined locations near launch pad f...

Current codes in many countries require that the smoke layer be maintained a particular distance above the highest walking surface in an atrium. The smoke exhaust capacity to accomplish the required performance can be extraordinary, especially in a tall atrium with the upper floors open to the atrium. The effect of exposure to smoke is a function of the magnitude of the smoke signature, e.g. co...

One of the aims of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG) is to understand how to facilitate the introduction of technologies capable of making deep reductions in CO2 emissions, for example capture and geological storage of CO2. This technology faces a number of barriers to its introduction, such as the high cost of capture of CO2 from power plant. This high cost arises from the amount ...

The emission control of NOx in exhaust gases is one of the greatest engineering challenges to extend the practical and commercial application of diesel and lean burn engines. One solution is selective NOx reduction using hydrocarbons in an oxidizing atmosphere. We mainly focused on catalytic reactions under temperature excursion because of the resemblance to conditions prevailing in real automo...

Aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements are used to characterize the evolution of exhaust particulate matter (PM) properties near and downwind of vehicle sources. The AMS provides time-resolved chemically speciated mass loadings and mass-weighted size distributions of nonrefractory PM smaller than 1 microm (NRPM1). Source measurements of aircraft PM show that black carbon particles inhibit...

This paper investigates the opportunity of using almond oil as a renewable and alternative fuel source. Different fuel blends containing 10, 30, and 50% almond biodiesel (B10, B30, and B50) with diesel fuel (B0) were prepared and the influence of these blends on emissions and some performance parameters under various load conditions were inspected using a diesel engine. Measured engine performa...

Southern resident killer whales in British Columbia and Washington are exposed to heavy vessel traffic. This study investigates their exposure to exhaust gases from whale-watching vessels by using a simple dispersion model incorporating data on whale and vessel behavior, atmospheric conditions, and output of airborne pollutants from the whale-watching fleet based on emissions data from regulato...

A new laser technology which achieves nearly 100 nm quasi-continuous tuning using only injection current control in a four-section Grating-Coupler, Sampled-Reflector (GCSR) laser was used to simultaneously detect CO and CO2 in room-temperature gas mixtures. The same GCSR laser was used to perform in-situ measurements of CO, H2O, and OH in the exhaust gases of a methane/air flame. This laser is ...

Haze in China has been increasing in frequency of occurrence as well as the area of the affected region. Here, we report on a new mechanism of haze formation, in which coexistence with NOx can reduce the environmental capacity for SO2, leading to rapid conversion of SO2 to sulfate because NO2 and SO2 have a synergistic effect when they react on the surface of mineral dust. Monitoring data from ...

On the Madison Symmetric Torus magnetic fusion plasma experiment, frozen pellet injection is an established method of depositing deuterium fuel into the core of the plasma. To freeze deuterium gas into pellets, the injector is cooled to 10 K with a cryogenic helium refrigerator. To exhaust residual frozen deuterium following injection of each pellet, the injector is warmed by resistive heating ...