Palaeoflora in Pakistan the Miocene is characterized by its high biodiversity. The present study investigated pollen of fossil plants from Murree Formation Pakistan. Shales and mudstones were collected section located at foothills Margalla hills analyzed palynofacies palynostratigraphic analyses. In this paleopalynological Formations Pakistan, 31 samples using microscopic techniques containing ...

Given a large number (the “flock”) of moving physical objects, we investigate physically reasonable mechanisms of influencing their orbits in such a way that they move along a prescribed course and in a prescribed and fixed configuration (or “in formation”). Each agent is programmed to see the position and velocity of a certain number of others. This flow of information from one agent to anothe...

Formations that contain a small number of robots are modeled as controlled Lagrangian systems on Jacobi shape space. This allows a block-structured control of position, orientation and shape of the formation. Feedback control laws are derived using control Lyapunov functions. The controlled dynamics converges to the invariant set where desired shape is achieved. Controllers are implemented in a...

This paper is concerned with planning the motion of mobile robots in formation, which means certain geometrical constraints are imposed on the relative positions and orientations of the robots throughout their travel. Specifically, a method of planning motion for formations of mobile robots with nonholonomic constraints is presented. The kinematic equations developed allow a certain class of fo...

AbsIruct-Formations that contain a small number of robots are modeled as controlled Lagrangian systems on Jacobi shape space. This allows a blocked decoupled control for position, orientation and shape of the formation. Feedback control laws are derived using control Lyapunov functions. The controlled dynamics converges to the invariant set where desired shape is achieved. Controllers are imple...

The self-assembly of small functional molecules into supramolecular structures is a powerful approach toward the development of new nanoscale materials and devices. As a class of self-assembled materials, low weight molecular organic gelators, organized in special nanoarchitectures through specific non-covalent interactions, has become one of the hot topics in soft matter research due to their ...

Nodular fasciitis of the breast is a rare benign pathology of soft tissue that is a consequence of fibroblastic hyperplasia within breast. It can mimic breast cancer clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically. A-43 year-old female with a painless mass within upper-lateral quadrant of her left breast complained of rapid and progressive growth during previous few days. No evidence of nip...

Whatever else it is, communication research is gendered work. This has been true since its inception as an academic field, and in its commercial, civic, and educational wings as well. The specific gendering of its work has varied across time, region, and institution. But across all contexts, gender and affiliated relations of difference have been constitutive forces in the (re)production of the...

One important task in cooperative robotics is the self–organization of robotic chain formations in unknown environments. Surveillance and reconnaissance in sewers, ducts, tunnels, caves or narrow passageways, in general, are some of the applications for this type of formation. In Hettiarachchi et al. (2008) we provided simulation results for a novel chain formation algorithm that addresses this...

Formations are often seen in nature, and bring many benefits for the group as a whole. They can allow a group to explore a large area more effectively, can ease movement of the group through the environment, and can increase group perceptual coverage and increase defensive capabilities, for example. The benefits of any particular formation vary and are obtained from the structure the formation ...