We report on the existence of surface defect gap solitons. Such new type of solitons can be well supported by an interface between the defect of optical lattice and the uniform media with focusing saturable nonlinearity. The surface defect of optical lattice can profoundly affect the properties of solitons. It is shown that for the positive defect, stable solitons exist at the first bandgap and...

Abstract Meinertsen’s unifier is discussed on the background of Aristotle’s distinction between four kinds unity. It argued that Meinertsen combines two different unity exclude each other. Only first meaning seems to be relevant for unifier. But this applies literally only spatial complexes. Its application states affairs problematic because they are mostly not spatial. also in sense requires a...

CONTEXT Annular pancreas is an uncommon congenital abnormality. Co-existence of this condition with a pancreaticobiliary malignancy is an exceptionally rare occurrence. CASE REPORT We present a case report of a 78-year-old woman with jaundice due to an ampullary carcinoma associated with an annular pancreas treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy. CONCLUSIONS A collection of previously reported ...

We study the existence of homophily (i.e. the tendency for people to make friends with people who are similar to themselves) with respect to trustworthiness. We ask whether two friends show similarly trustworthy behavior towards strangers, and whether this is anticipated by outsiders. We develop a simple model of bayesian learning in trust games and test the derived hypotheses in a controlled l...

Karl R. Popper (1902-1994) was a great philosopher of 20th century best known for his Political Philosophy and contribution in Philosophical Epistemology. His concept ‘World 3’is basically an extension Epistemological views. According to there is not one single world front us but three. 1’ the material objects. 2’ human perception, conception, disposition act or react etc. 3’ all possible creat...

‎in this paper, using the idea of convexificators, we study boundedness and nonemptiness of lagrange multipliers satisfying the first order necessary conditions. we consider a class of nons- mooth fractional programming problems with equality, inequality constraints and an arbitrary set constraint. within this context, define generalized mangasarian-fromovitz constraint qualification and show t...

nazim hikmet (1901-1963), turkish poet and a true believer ofmarxism, spent 12 years of his life in prison and nearly 20 years in exile, anexperience that profoundly changed his perception of  space and influenced the horizon structure ofhis literary work. as michel collot explains, horizon structure considers thephenomenological idea of “existence-in the world” and seeks the life characteror s...