Extracellular enzymes represent a public good for microbial communities, as they break down complex molecules into simple molecules that microbes can take up. These communities are vulnerable to cheating by microbes that do not produce enzymes, but benefit from those produced by others. However, extracellular enzymes are ubiquitous and play an important role in the depolymerization of nutrients...

Pectobacterium versatile (formally P. carotovorum) causes disease on diverse plant species by synthesizing and secreting copious amount of plant-cell-wall-degrading exoenzymes including pectate lyases, polygalacturonases, cellulases, proteases. Exoenzyme production virulence are controlled many factors bacterial, host, environmental origin. The ion channel forming the magnesium, nickel, cobalt ...

Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme (C3) selectively inactivates RhoA/B/C GTPases by ADP-ribosylation. Based on this substrate specificity C3 is a well-established tool in cell biology. C3 is taken up by eukaryotic cells although lacking an uptake and translocation domain. Based on different approaches vimentin was identified as membranous C3-interaction partner by mass spectrometry. Vimentin in...

Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from a bacteremic patient. This strain, together with other isolates of V. vulnificus, was compared with V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, and V. parahaemolyticus with regard to growth characteristics on enteric agar media (enabling isolation and identification) and production of exoenzymes which could correlate with invasive potential. V. vulnificus grew well on Ma...

We evaluated the genetic and physiological variability of Moniliophthora perniciosa obtained from healthy and diseased branches of cacao (Theobroma cacao) plants. The diversity of the isolates was evaluated by RAPD technique and by studies of virulence and exoenzyme production. The genetic variability of endophytic and pathogenic M. perniciosa was evaluated in association with pathogenicity ass...

The Pseudomonas putida strain was primarily identified and tested in vitro against antibiotic sensitivity for several antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. This isolate also to carvacrol oil (c) formic acid (f). genotyping of spp. virulotyping P. carried out verified by 16S rDNA-PCR amplification. Furthermore, we assessed efficacy vivo treatment Putida infection. For challenge, 180 fish ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important multi-drug resistant (MDR) opportunistic bacterium. 102 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa equally isolated from human and cow milk were subjected to Multiplex-PCR for detection of ESBLs and exoenzymes of U, T, S, OprI, and OprL, Integrons class A encoding genes and genotyping by the ERIC-PCR and PFGE methods. The disc diffusion and E-test based on CLSI (Cl...