The current study was conducted in private station located the middle of Iraq by using 100 blood samples from Holstein cows to isolate DNA and determine genotypes TNF-α gene tow regions on reproductive performance. Results showed two alleles with co-dominance three detected 1st position (4th exon), allele frequency 0.695 0.305 for A C respectively. 2nd region (Flank region) 0.64 0.36 G a signif...

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial pregnancy specific vascular disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. It affects around 3-5% pregnancies worldwide. The aetiology and pathophysiology of PE remain poorly understood. But it is generally accepted defective placentation during the early stage of pregnancy most likely in combination with maternal and environmental factors ...

familial adenomatous polyposis (fap) is responsible for < 1% of colorectal cancer (crc) cases and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. patients generally present hundreds to thousands of adenomas and develop colorectal cancer by age 35- 40 if left untreated. here we report four patients with germline frameshift mutation (small deletion) at exon 15 of adenomatous polyposis coli (apc) tum...

head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) is the sixth most common cancer in the human population. despite significant efforts committed in treatment of oscc the overall survival rate of oscc has not improved significantly. activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (fgfr3) genes are responsible for some human cancers, including bl...

In mammalian cells, the splicing machinery deposits the exon junction complex (EJC) on mRNA splice junctions. Two studies in this issue now link the EJC to different aspects of translational control. Ma et al. (2008) show that the EJC activates translation downstream of the mTOR signaling pathway, whereas Isken et al. (2008) establish that translation is repressed by partners of the EJC that ar...

Abstract Background: Haemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by the absence or reduced activity of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Coagulation factors are a group of related proteins that are essential for the formation of blood clots. The aim of this study was to genotype the coagulation factor VIII gene mutations using Inverse Shifting PCR (IS-PCR) in an Iranian family ...

To test the feasibility of synthesizing recombinant peptide hormones by exon deletion and exchange, we have constructed and expressed hybrid human growth hormone (hGH)-rat prolactin (rPrl) genes in which the third and fourth exons of the hGH gene are deleted and separately replaced by the corresponding exons of the rPrl gene. These exon deletion and exon exchange genes were inserted into an SV4...

Background: Androgens are critical steroid hormones in progression of spermatogenesis process and determine the male phenotype that their actions are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In the Androgen receptor, transactivation domain encoded by exon 1, DNA binding domain encoded by exons 2 and 3, hinge region encoded by part of exon 4, and C-te...

the purpose of the study was to detect the alui and ddei polymorphisms within pou1f1 gene exon 6 and 3'utr region in turkish sheep breeds, and their association with milk productive traits. jugular blood samples were collected from 50 sakiz, 50 white karaman, and 50 awassi sheep using edta as an anticoagulant. pcr-rflp and sequencing analysis were performed to investigate possible polymorphisms...