This exploratory study examines the impact of ending the military draft on U.S. voter turnout from 1960 through 2006. After allowing for a number of variables, including the unemployment rate, unionization, the female labor force participation rate, per capita real GDP, and Presidential approval ratings, compelling evidence is found that ending the military draft in the U.S. may have acted in a...

Focusing on the organizing practices by which vulnerable individuals are exploited for their labor, we build a model that depicts how human traffickers systematically target impoverished girls and women transform autonomous objection into unquestioned compliance. Drawing from qualitative interviews with forced labor in sex industry, traffickers, brothel managers, other sources (e.g., doctors, n...

We investigate COVID-19 as a disabling and an enabling mechanism for small mid-size enterprises (SMEs), particularly how SMEs’ crisis strategies might help them through the crisis. SMEs can follow retrenchment strategy, persevering or innovation they do so narrowly broadly. Using representative sample of Danish SMEs, we test are associated with turnover expectations. find distinct differences i...

Two plants can influence one another indirectly by affecting population dynamics of shared exploiters and/or mutualists, giving rise to apparent competition or mutualism, respectively. Indirect interactions between also occur when the preferences and mutualists adapt changes in relative plant densities. Here we study simultaneous effects adaptive herbivore pollinator on two competing population...

The combined impact of multiple plant parasites on plant performance can either be additive (the total damage equals the sum of the individual effects) or nonadditive (synergistic or antagonistic damage). Two statistical models are available for testing the independent (=additive) effects of two factors. Here we suggest that the natural history of the plant-parasite system should motivate the c...

Ant-plant interactions represent a diversity of strategies, from exploitative to mutualistic, and how these strategies evolve is poorly understood. Here, we link physiological, ecological, and phylogenetic approaches to study the evolution and coexistence of strategies in the Acacia-Pseudomyrmex system. Host plant species represented 2 different strategies. High-reward hosts produced significan...

Interfaces | the collection of procedures and data structures that deene a library, a subsystem, a module | are syntactically poor programming languages. They have state (deened both by the interface's data structures and internally), operations on this state (deened by the interface's procedures), and semantics associated with these operations. Given a way to incorporate interface semantics in...

Received: 7 April 2010 Revised: 7 December 2010 Accepted: 13 December 2010 Abstract Studying knowledge strategy empirically requires that specific strategies be operationalized. In this paper, two existing knowledge strategy typologies (the Bierly & Chakrabarti typology of Loners, Explorers, Exploiters and Innovators and the von Krogh, Nonaka & Aben typology of Leveraging, Expanding, Appropriat...

Mutualisms require protection from non-reciprocating exploiters. Pseudomyrmex workers that engage in an obligate defensive mutualism with Acacia hosts feed exclusively on the sucrose-free extrafloral nectar (EFN) that is secreted by their hosts, a behaviour linking ant energy supply directly to host performance and thus favouring reciprocating behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that Acacia hos...

The construction of reciprocal relationships requires cooperative interactions during the initial meetings. However, cooperative behavior with strangers is risky because the strangers may be exploiters. In this study, we show that people increase the likelihood of cooperativeness of strangers by using lightweight non-risky interactions in risky situations based on the analysis of a social netwo...