OBJECTIVE Although many toddlers with expressive vocabulary delay ("late talkers") present with age-appropriate language skills by the time they are of school age, little is known about their broader behavioral and emotional profile. The aim of this study was to determine whether late talkers are at increased risk for behavioral and emotional problems during childhood and adolescence. PATIENT...

BACKGROUND It is thought that approximately 6% of children have speech and language difficulties of which the majority will not have any other significant developmental difficulties. Whilst most children's difficulties resolve, children whose difficulties persist into primary school may have long-term problems concerning literacy, socialisation, behaviour and school attainment. OBJECTIVES To ...

Title of dissertation: THE EFFECTS OF PARENT-LED READ-ALOUDS OF NONFICTION BOOKS ON FIRST-GRADERS’ VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AND MOTIVATION TO READ Rebecca April Gibson, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Mariam Jean Dreher Department of Curriculum and Instruction This study investigated the effects of parent-led interactive read-alouds of nonfiction books on first-graders. E...

In “Logicality and Invariance” (2008), Denis Bonnay introduced a generalized notion of functional completeness. In this note we call attention to an alternative characterization that is both natural and elementary. 1. Maximizing the expressive power of a logic Let L be a logic whose logical vocabulary contains truth-functional connectives (possibly infinitary ones), the first-order quantifiers ...

The effects of a book reading technique called interactive book reading on the language and literacy development of 4-year-olds from low-income families were evaluated. Teachers read books to children and reinforced the vocabulary in the books by presenting concrete objects that represented the words and by providing children with multiple opportunities to use the book-related words. The teache...

The body awareness of 124 toddlers with mental retardation and of 124 children developing normally matched to them on age and gender was examined. Twenty-nine of the children with mental retardation were diagnosed as Down syndrome (DS). The 'Pointing and Naming' Test of Bergès and Lézine [Bergès, J., & Lézine, I. (1978). Test d'imitation de gestes [Imitation test of gestures] (2nd ed.). Paris: ...

This chapter explores variations in cognitive and social-emotional developmental outcomes among the 307 children who participated in the study. Cognitive development for infants and toddlers was assessed directly by researchers, and included early learning skills such as visual reception, fi ne motor, receptive vocabulary, and expressive vocabulary. For preschool-age children, cognitive develop...

We investigate the expressive power of sentences of the family of independence-friendly (IF) logics in the equality-free setting. Various natural equality-free fragments of logics in this family translate into the version of existential second-order logic with prenex quantification of function symbols only and with the first-order parts of formulae equality-free. We study this version of existe...

Classical AI-functionalism is the claim that there is some program such that anything that runs that program can pass the Turing test, that is, can deploy a vocabulary in the same sense in which any other language-users do. And that is to say that a computer language, in which any such algorithm can be expressed, is in principle VP-sufficient to specify abilities that are PV-sufficient to deplo...

Eighty-seven preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders who were initially nonverbal (under 6 words in language sample and under 21 parent-reported words said) were assessed at five time points over 16 months. Statistical models that accounted for the intercorrelation among nine theoretically- and empirically-motivated predictors, as well as two background variables (i.e., cognitive impairment...