The idea that something about cognition lies outside the brain and even the skin is central to a number of significant recent developments in cognitive science and philosophy of mind. Loosely grouped under the label, ‘situated cognition’, all variants of this view hold that the various contexts of cognition are crucial to it in some way. However, there is a big division over what way. Indeed, t...

This review paper has three main goals. First, to discuss a contextual neurophysiologically plausible model of neural oscillators that reproduces some of the features of quantum cognition. Second, to show that such model predicts contextual situations where quantum cognition is inadequate. Third, to present an extended probability theory that that not only can describe situations that are beyon...

This paper introduces a new, expanded range of relevant cognitive psychological research on collaborative recall and social memory to the philosophical debate on extended and distributed cognition. We start by examining the case for extended cognition based on the complementarity of inner and outer resources, by which neural, bodily, social, and environmental resources with disparate but comple...

Web-based tools have fundamentally revolutionized the ways of knowledge acquisition, propagation, aggregation, understanding, and analysis. This is exemplified by Wikipedia, one of the most successful Web tools that support collective knowledge management in a large user community. Semantic wikis are extensions to wikis with semantic technologies that are aimed at further facilitating better hu...

We explored how people learn to cope with the limited range of electric vehicles (EVs), and examined the relationship between personality traits and the amount of practice needed to achieve a maximum available range. Data from 56 participants who leased an EV in a 6-month field study were analyzed. The amount of practice needed until a participant achieved his maximum available range was assess...

Mind-graphs define an associative-adaptive concept of managing information streams, like for example words within a conversation. Being composed of vertices (or cells; representing external stimuli like words) and undirected edges (or connections), mind-graphs adaptively reflect the strength of simultaneously occurring stimuli and allow a self-regulation through the interplay of an artificial ’...

Some types of animals exploit patterns created in the environment as external mental states, thus obtaining an extension of their mind. In the case of social animals, the creation and exploitation of such patterns can be shared, which supports a form of shared extended mind or collective intelligence.This article explores this shared extended mind principle for social animals in more detail.The...

A growing conceptual and empirical literature is advancing the idea that language extends our cognitive skills. One of the most influential positions holds that language – qua material symbols – facilitates individual thought processes by virtue of its material properties (Clark, 2006a). Extending upon this model, we argue that language enhances our cognitive capabilities in a much more radical...

Some types of animals exploit patterns created in the environment as external mental states, thus obtaining an extension of their mind. In the case of social animals the creation and exploitation of such patterns can be shared, which supports a form of shared extended mind or collective intelligence. This paper explores this shared extended mind principle for social animals in more detail. The ...